- •Its forms and usage
- •1.1.1.2. Masculine nouns with stressed о, е, ё in the final syllaЫe of the stem
- •1.1.4. Ldiomatic expressions and set-phrases
- •1.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive case singular
- •1.2.1. The endings -ы and -и.
- •1.3.2. The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4. 1.4. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.1.Б. Retention of the nominative singular form as the genitive plural form
- •1.4.1.5. Dropping the singular ending -ин
- •1.4.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive plural 1.4.2.1. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.2.3. Dropped ending -а or -я and the insertion of а 'fleeting vowel'
- •1.4.З.2. Dropping of -е/-о ending and the insertion of the 'fleeting vowel' е
- •1.4.4. Nouns that have no singular form
- •1.4.3.5. Neuter gender nouns that end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4.4. 1. Zero-ending
- •1.4.4.2. The endings -ов and -ев
- •1.4.5. Adjectival nouns
- •1.S.1. Adjectives
- •1.S.1.1. Hard stem in singular
- •1.5.1.2. Soft stem in singular
- •1.5. 1.3. Exceptions in singular
- •1.5.1.4. Plural
- •1.5.2. Participles
- •1. 7.3. Lndicative pronouns
- •2.1. Дdnominal genitive 2.1.1. Ownership/possession
- •2.1.2. :Relatio
- •2. 1.4.1. Тпе асегп of action
- •2.1.4.2. The object of action
- •2.1.5.2. Lndefinite quantity
- •2.1.6. The partitive genitive
- •2.1. 7. The nouns following adjectives and participles
- •2.1.8. Genitive case of time
- •2.2. Adverblal genitive 2.2.1. Object of а verb
- •Verbs and adverbs
- •2. 2. З. Nouns used with transitive verbs
- •2.2.4. The genitive case of negation
- •2.2.4.1. {А) lmpersonal constructions
- •2.2.4.4. (D) Negative verbal adverbs or participles
- •2.2.4.5. (Е) Stressed absolute negation
- •2.2.4.3. (С) Direct object with negation
- •2.2.4.6. (F) Set phrases with negation
- •2.2.4. 7. {G) Direct object is an abstract noun or pronoun
- •3.1.1. Simple primary prepositions
- •Imple adverblal prepositions
- •3.2. Complex prepositions
- •3. 2. 2. Complex nominal prepositions
- •3.2.5. Prepositions followed exclusively Ьу the genitive case
- •3.3.3. Ввиду - in view of, as, since
- •3.3.5. Взамен - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.6. Вместо - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.8. Внизу- at the foot of, at the bottom of
- •3.3.11. Возле - Ьу, oear, close Ьу
- •3.3.12. Вокруг - around, round
- •3.3.14. Вроде - like, not unlike, such as
- •3.3.15. Вследствие - owing to, on account of, in consequence of
- •3.3.42. Против - against, opposite
- •3.4.3. Special uses of douЫe prepositions
- •3.5.8. Независимо от- irrespective of
- •3.6.11. 8 Знак- as а sign of, as а token of
- •3.6.26. В порядке- in order of, as а matter of
- •3.6.27. В продолжение- during, for, in the course of
- •3.6.28. В pamкax-within the framework of
- •3.6.51. По причине- for the reason of, because of
- •3. 7. Genitive case prepositional constructions with complex verbal prepositions
- •3. 7. 1. Исходя из - proceeding from
3.3.3. Ввиду - in view of, as, since
The preposition ввиду is used to indicate а reason for an action and is synonymous with the preposition по причине.
Ввиду того что профессор Иванов здесь, его можно попросить прочитать доклад. \n view of the fact that professor \vanoY
is here we can ask him to present his paper.
Ввиду бопьшого праздника у нас отменили лекции.
Because of the important holiday, our lectures were cancelled.
60
N. f?У8П
з.з.4.
ВДОЛЬ-аlо
The preposition вдоль is used to imply motion or direction through or the location of an object/objects Ьу the length of another o'bject in space.
тропинка вдоль реки а path atong the river
вдоль нашей улицы роели высокие деревья. The tall trees were growing along our street.
Вдоль is а preposition only if it is followed Ьу а word in the genitive case. When вдоль is used independently in а sentence, and not followed Ьу the genitive case - then it is an adverb.
Материал был разрезан вдоль. The material was cut lengthwise. EXPRESSIONS IN FREQUENT ИSЕ:
вдоль и поперёк
знать что-либо вдоль и поперек
far and wide
to know something very well/thoroughly
3.3.5. Взамен - instead of, in place of
The preposition взамен is used to indicate an object/objects which is/are oblained instead of the original object.
Взамен овощей дети купили конфеты. lnstead of vegetaЫes children bought some sweets.
NB: The preposition взамен * в обмен на. Ср. adverb вэамен.
See also вместо.
3.3.6. Вместо - instead of, in place of
The preposition вместо is used to indicate an object/objects which is/are oblained or nominated instead of or in place of intended objects.
Вместо яблок Маша решила купить груши. Masha decided to buy some pears instead of apples.
На заседание вместо Виктора пришёл Пётр. Peter came to the meeting instead of Victor.
See also взамен.
RUSSIAN GENIТ/VE: JTS FORMS AND USAGE
61
3.3.7. ВНЕ- outside, out of
The preposition вне could Ье used to demonstrate something Ьеi
. . d ng
outside of а certain location in space or 1n шпе, an outside of law.
жизнь больного была вне опасности. The life of the patien
was out of danger.
Тургенев долго жил вне России. Turgenev lived for а long time
outside Russia.
Их деятельность была вне закона. Their activities were outside
the law.
ln spatial contexts the preposition вне carries the opposite meaning
to the preposition внутри.
вне дома - внутри дома outside the house - inside the house
EXPRESS/ONS IN FREOUENT USE: вне страны
быть вне подозрения быть вне себя
вне всяких правил
outside the country
to Ье above suspicion
to Ье beside oneself without regard for any rules
вне закона an outlaw
вне времени и пространства regardless of time or space
вне очереди
out of one's turn