- •Its forms and usage
- •1.1.1.2. Masculine nouns with stressed о, е, ё in the final syllaЫe of the stem
- •1.1.4. Ldiomatic expressions and set-phrases
- •1.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive case singular
- •1.2.1. The endings -ы and -и.
- •1.3.2. The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4. 1.4. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.1.Б. Retention of the nominative singular form as the genitive plural form
- •1.4.1.5. Dropping the singular ending -ин
- •1.4.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive plural 1.4.2.1. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.2.3. Dropped ending -а or -я and the insertion of а 'fleeting vowel'
- •1.4.З.2. Dropping of -е/-о ending and the insertion of the 'fleeting vowel' е
- •1.4.4. Nouns that have no singular form
- •1.4.3.5. Neuter gender nouns that end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4.4. 1. Zero-ending
- •1.4.4.2. The endings -ов and -ев
- •1.4.5. Adjectival nouns
- •1.S.1. Adjectives
- •1.S.1.1. Hard stem in singular
- •1.5.1.2. Soft stem in singular
- •1.5. 1.3. Exceptions in singular
- •1.5.1.4. Plural
- •1.5.2. Participles
- •1. 7.3. Lndicative pronouns
- •2.1. Дdnominal genitive 2.1.1. Ownership/possession
- •2.1.2. :Relatio
- •2. 1.4.1. Тпе асегп of action
- •2.1.4.2. The object of action
- •2.1.5.2. Lndefinite quantity
- •2.1.6. The partitive genitive
- •2.1. 7. The nouns following adjectives and participles
- •2.1.8. Genitive case of time
- •2.2. Adverblal genitive 2.2.1. Object of а verb
- •Verbs and adverbs
- •2. 2. З. Nouns used with transitive verbs
- •2.2.4. The genitive case of negation
- •2.2.4.1. {А) lmpersonal constructions
- •2.2.4.4. (D) Negative verbal adverbs or participles
- •2.2.4.5. (Е) Stressed absolute negation
- •2.2.4.3. (С) Direct object with negation
- •2.2.4.6. (F) Set phrases with negation
- •2.2.4. 7. {G) Direct object is an abstract noun or pronoun
- •3.1.1. Simple primary prepositions
- •Imple adverblal prepositions
- •3.2. Complex prepositions
- •3. 2. 2. Complex nominal prepositions
- •3.2.5. Prepositions followed exclusively Ьу the genitive case
- •3.3.3. Ввиду - in view of, as, since
- •3.3.5. Взамен - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.6. Вместо - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.8. Внизу- at the foot of, at the bottom of
- •3.3.11. Возле - Ьу, oear, close Ьу
- •3.3.12. Вокруг - around, round
- •3.3.14. Вроде - like, not unlike, such as
- •3.3.15. Вследствие - owing to, on account of, in consequence of
- •3.3.42. Против - against, opposite
- •3.4.3. Special uses of douЫe prepositions
- •3.5.8. Независимо от- irrespective of
- •3.6.11. 8 Знак- as а sign of, as а token of
- •3.6.26. В порядке- in order of, as а matter of
- •3.6.27. В продолжение- during, for, in the course of
- •3.6.28. В pamкax-within the framework of
- •3.6.51. По причине- for the reason of, because of
- •3. 7. Genitive case prepositional constructions with complex verbal prepositions
- •3. 7. 1. Исходя из - proceeding from
2.2.4.4. (D) Negative verbal adverbs or participles
The object is used in the genitive case with а negative verbal adverbs or participles.
Не получив ответа, Ольга написала второе письмо. Having received no reply, Olga wrote а second letter.
Студенты, не знающие грамматики, плахо написали диктант. Students, having no knowledge of grammar, wrote their dictation badly.
2.2.4.5. (Е) Stressed absolute negation
The object is used in the genitive case in impersonal infinitive сопэпцспопэ, if the absolute negation is stressed:
«Не нагнать тебе бешеной тройки ... » (Некрасов). "юц will never catch а wild troika ... " (Nekrasov).
Сделанного не воротишь. What is done сап not Ье undone.
2.2.4.3. (С) Direct object with negation
The direct object after negated transitive verbs, which n would require the accusative case, is used iп the genitive case. Afteiemphatic negative particle ни or согпроцпо negative pronounsora~ in the sentence we use genitive too.
Они не имели ни малейшего понятия о нашем праздн1
They did not have а slightest idea about our holiday.
До вас никто не читал моих стихотворений. NooneЬ*
you has ever read my poetry.
Она никогда и никому не давала советов. She hasnever
advice to anyone.
The negated transitive уегоь deпote mental processes, desire
perception.
Она не видела в его глазах печали. She did not seeso~ his eyes.
Он быстро выпил чай и не заметил его вкуса. Не dranк
tea very fast and did not notice the taste.
и ~~
ван не хотел от меня никаких подарков. lvan 1
any presents from me.
2.2.4.6. (F) Set phrases with negation
The objects in set phrases, expressions with negation are used
in the genitive case:
не спускать глаз
не покладая рук Денег куры не клюют.
never to take one's eyes off
keep one's nose to the grindstone One is rolling in money.
NB: ln the cases other than (d) and (f) the use of the accusative case is possiЫe especially when the direct object denotes а person or concrete notion.
2.2.4. 7. {G) Direct object is an abstract noun or pronoun
это - this/that/it
Она не скрывала своей радости. She did not conceal her joy. Он не ценит моей помощи. Не does not appreciate my help. Она не понимает этого. She does not understand it.
RUSSJAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE
47
46
2.2.5.
The verbs which govern the genitive case
The followiпg verbs ооуегп the genitive case. Any noun r
.. 1 h' h. ,PO/'JQu\
adjective, numeral or а рагпсю е w ,с 1s used after the followin
. . g
пшвг Ье in the gen1t1ve case.
бояться
держаться
дичиться добиваться/добиться достиrать/достичь жаждать
to Ье afraid of
to hold, to adhere to shun
to strive f ог to achieve
желать/пожелать заслуживать избегать/избежать касаться/коснуться лишаться/ лишиться опасаться
остерегаться пугаться/испугаться слушаться/послушаться стоить
сторониться
стыдиться
чуждаться
Examples:
Эта девочка боится темноты. This girl is afraid of darkness. В Австралии, когда вы едете по улице, держитесь левой
стороны. Кеер to the left when driving along the street in Australia.
Этот мальчик дичится незнакомых. This Ьоу is shy of strangers Настойчивый человек всегда добивается своей цели. дdе· termined person always strives for his goal.
Этот студент достиг хороших результатов. This studen: achieved good results.
В конце холодной зимы все жаждут весны. At the end of 3 cold winter everybody yearns for spring.
Этот студент заслуживает похвалы. This student deserves praise.
to crave fo,·
to wish, to desire to deserve
to avoid
to тоцсп, to concern to Ье deprived, to lose to fear
to beware
to Ье frightened to оЬеу
to deserve
to shun, to keep away from to Ье ashamed of
to keep away from
я желаю веем счастья. 1 wish everybody happiness.
эта старушка заслуживает отдыха. This old woman deserves
50me ,est.
нина всегда избегает кошек и собак. Nina always avoids cats
апd dogs.
этот вопрос касается организации работы нашего
отделения. Tl1is questioп concerns planning of work of our section.
д вот что касается свободного времени, то у меня его нет.
дs regards free time, 1 don't t,ave it.
она совсем лишилась покоя. She totally lost her реасе of mind.
в двстралии нужно опасаться пауков и остерегаться крокодилов. ln Australia опе should Ье afraid of spiders and Ье aware
of crocodiles.
девочка испугалась сильной грозы. The girl was frightened
Ьу the strong thunderstorm.
Детям нужно слушаться родителей. Children should obeytheir
parents.
Сын послушался совета отца. The son followed his father's ао-
vice.
Стеснительная девушка всегда сторонится незнакомых.
А shy girl always keeps away from strangers.
Он стыдился своей неловкости. Не was ashamed of his
clumsiness.
Маленький Виктор всегда чуждался людей. Little Victor always
kept away from people.
NB: The verb заслуживать - to earn governs the genitive case only when it is used in its imperfective aspect.
Этот чело век заслуживает уважения. This man earns respect.
lts perfective aspect заслужить governs the accusative case. Он заслужил моё доверие. Не earned my trust.
48
RUSSIAN GENIТ/VE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE
49
Chapter 3. Grammatical function of the genitive case. Prepositional genitive case
р с
3.1.
lntroduction
ln conjunction with prepositions the genitive case grea creases its тшпоег of meanings. When цвео with prepositions it са note place, directions of movement, time of actions, cause and rea well as а пшпоег of other relationships. А preposition is а оап of s which expresses the relationship of one word to апоптег Russian pre! tion governs а noun or pronoun in an oЫique case. Prepositions са non-derivational and derivational.
Non-derivational prepositions are primary prepositions. Derivational prepositions may Ье subdivided in the following wa
imple adverblal prepositions, derived from adverbs
simple nominal prepositions, derived from nouns in an oЫique~ simple verbal prepositions, derived from verbs
complex prepositions derived from:
а) an adverb + primary preposition;
Ь) primary preposition + noun in oЫique case;
с) primary preposition + noun in an oЬ/ique case + primary prepos
tion;
d) gerund + primary preposition.
