IH
йан
IP
у
IЙ 1ПАДIЕЖ ЗЫКЕ: ивл EIH !И Е
!с 'У
ельный анализ
1ий родигельного падежа - екам ,и русском языках
2-е издание
Санкт-Петербург «Златоуст»
2008
У дк 811.161.1
Райан,Н.
Родительный падеж в русском языке: формы и употребление Сравнительный анализ функций родительного падежа ~ английског и русском языках. - 2-е изд. - СПб. : Златоуст, 2008. - 112 с.
Ryan,".
Russian Genitive: its Forms and Usage. Comparative Study of
Genitive Case Functions in English and Contemporary Standard Russian. - 2 nd td. - St. Petersburg: Zlatoust, 2008. - 112 р.
. IRyan
Зав. редакцией:А.8. Голубева Редактор: М. О. Насонкина Корректоры: Н.А. Мирзоева, И.В. Евстратова Оригинал-макет: Л. О. Пащук
Пособие, ориентированное на учащихся вузов, дает полное представление о русском родительном падеже. Книга состоит из трех частей. В первай и второй главах описана грамматика родительного падежа (образование форми грамматические функции), приводятся многочисленные примеры. Третья глава посвящена предложным конструкциям. Все примеры переведены на английский язык.
ISBN 5-86547-390-5
© Райан Н. (текст), 2006, 2008
© ЗАО «Златоуст» (редакционно-издательское оформление, издание, лицензионный права), 2006, 2008
Подготовка оригинал-макета: издательство «Златоуст».
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Код продукции: ОК 005-93-953005.
Лицензия на издательскую деятельность ЛР № 062426 от 23 апреля 1998 г. Санитарно-эпидемиологическое заключение на продукцию издательства Государственной СЭС РФ № 78.01 .07.953.П.002067.03.05 от 16.03.2005 г.
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RUSSIAN GE
ITIVE:
Its forms and usage
Comparative Study of Genitive Case Functions in English and Contemporary Standard Russian
2 nd edition
St. Petersburg «Zlatoust»
2008
J dedicate this book to ту grandchildren _ Kate and Thomas Rуап.
Nonna Rуап
с
The study о+ Russian, а highly inflectional language, requires а sound understanding of tr,e L1se of gran,matical cases. prepositions and preposiional const.ructions wit.h the oЫique cases. ln Russian there аге six gram-
atical cases. The rюminative case is called direct, all others: genitive, accusative, dative, instrumental and locative/prepositional are oЫique. Тпеге is а great number of contextual variants in the зегпапйсв of the Russian gra111matical cases, but all of the specific contextual meanings of any case can Ье гес. .сео to а common denominator.
The principal function of the genitive case is the expression of the noun phrase modifier. The genitive case always indicates the extent of the рагticipation of the given object in а given situation. lt signals the degree of objectification of the entity in а given context and it presents а thing or а person as somehow limited ог even completely eliminated. The genitive case, as do the nominative and the accusative cases, belongs to the grammatical group of cases. The primary function of the grammatical case is syntactical, but grammatical cases may also occur in secondary adverbial functions such as the accusative case of time. The grammatical cases in the Russian language represent а large number of various meanings and, in conjunction with certain prepositions, the number of meanings increases greatly. The number of prepositions in Russian is increasing. The new prepositions аге formed from other parts of speech. Prepositions fulfill an important function. They segment and define the spectrum of meanings which are expressed Ьу the grammatical cases. The differences between each of the specific contextual meanings are determined either Ьу the grammatical or Ьу the lexical composition of the phrase in which the preposition occurs. The genitive case is Ьу far the most frequently used and is the most complex of the oЫique cases; its use encompasses more than one hundred prepositional and prepositionless constructions.
4
N. Ryan
е вав!с mos апеr nouns 'Wnich si possession: комната сестры - sister's room; Этот до ой, а Нины. - This героп is Nioa·s r1ot mine.
experience: радость матери - mother's [о
inship: брат !Ивана - lvan's brother
materiaVproperties: стол из мрамора - а tаЫе made OL1t of marЫ cause: головная боль от wу,ма - а headache trom noi partitive: кусок хлеба - а piece ot bread
definition/attribute: девушка необыкновенной красоты - а girl of гаге beauty
aggregation: стопка книг - а pile of books, ящик яблок - а
Ьох of apples
relationship: директор магазина - the manager of а shop the object: открытие Америки - discovery of America
the subject: распоряжение профессора - professor's directive
comparison: Том выше своего отца. - Tom is taller than his father.
origin: набрать воды из источника - to draw water from the spring
These all readily find equivalents in the English use of the preposition of ог the apostrophe s and do not present any difficulty for students of Russian. However there is по total correspondence in the usage of the genitive case constructions in the two languages, and this presents some difficulty for students of Russian.
There are many instances when usage in Russian differs markedly from usage in English, when the genitive case may Ье used in one, but not the other language as for example:
What sort of а book is it? - Что это за книга? the city of Rostov - город Ростов
а view of the sea - вид на море
а carriage full of passengers - вагон с пассажирами
а loan of ten thousand rouЫes - заём (долг) в десять тысяч рублей
ent and оомоцэ uses of the aenitive case осс
а building of three stories - здание в три этажа an error of two dollars - ошибка в два доллара
RUSSIAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE
5
bag of sugar - мешок с сахаром { coпtaining. bL1t not full of sugaг а report of t\~1e11ty pages - доклад в двадцать страниц
s very robust. - Том - чело век крепкото здоровья. а middle-aged lady - дама средних ле
ат colour are your eyes? They are Ыuе. - Какого цвета у вас глаза? Голубого.
er
е case
.
10
а tarl student - студент
соко
оста
The above ехагпрюэ ill1_1strate the difficulty that students encouпter in deciding when to use ·t:he genitive case and ho,.~, to сопэппст it. The task is ade particufarly difficult Ьу ·the large number of exceptions.
Tf1is book, which has эееп designed with university students in mind
'
is intended to give а comprehensive picture of the geniLive case phenom-
enon. The book has three major sections: ln Chapters 1 and 2 the genitive case grammar ( genitive case formation and grammatical functions of the genitive case) is explained and illustrated Ьу examples. Chapter 3 presents the spectrum of very different meanings that are expressed Ьу the genitive case prepositional constructions. Each preposition is treated as а эераrate entry and is illustrated Ьу examples of usage and their English transla-
ion.
•
е
tne
Conventional signs О - zero-ending ( see Chapter 1)
- prepositions which may only Ье used with inanimate nouns {see Chapter 3)
- prepositions which may only Ье used with animate nouns (see Chapter 3)
Тhе possiЫe inflections fo singular are: -а/-я, -и/-ы and -у/-ю. lar noun is determined as follows.
case
line nouns in tne gen1t1 е inflection taken bv а
а
•••11•
.,.11.
he -а/-я ending
Zero-ending nouns and those ending in -й or -ь
Both animate and inanimate zero-ending masculine nouns actd
the ending -а. Those ending in -й or -ь have these endings гер'асес
город - города city - of а city
стол - стола tаЫе - of а tаЫе
студент - студента student - of а student
герой - героя дождь - дождя музей - музея учитель-учителя
hero - of а hero rain - of rain
museum - of а museum teacher - of а teacher
В: The masculine noun путь -way, path, road is an exception to the above rule: путь - пути.