2. Скажите, соответствуют ли данные утверждения прочитанному тексту:

1. Governments didn’t develop many institutions to help them function.

2. Tribes organized their power around kinship.

3. The government of early villages consisted of a basic form of dictatorship.

4. The economies of villages depended on commerce and different industries.

5. Villages formed leagues for some purposes.

6. Sometimes a ruler would decide to expand his or her control over a wider region.

7. There were different reasons why empires eventually fell apart.

8. By the 19th century the last empires had been broken up.

2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты:

   1. община, общество

   2. взаимодействовать

   3. родство

   4. поколение

5. состоять из

6. город-государство

7. расширять

8. традиции

2. Заполните пропуски в предложениях следующими словами:

is guarding threat combine notably function face-to-face purposes tribes

1. This organization should … efficiently.

2. Native American … shared a common religion, culture and customs.

3. The company … its independence.

4. The government decided to … all its forces.

5. Yesterday we had a … meeting.

6. The … of this dictionary is to help students.

7. The dispute poses a direct … to peace.

8. Emigration has … increased over the past five years.

Text 7

1. Прочитайте текст

Levels of government

The modern nation is a mix of governments of various sizes, ranging from local (towns, villages, and cities) to regional (states or provinces) to national. The larger, national government must work with its smaller units. In general, there have

been two main ways that modern national governments interact with local governments to form political systems: the unitary state and the federal state.

In a unitary political system, the national government can grant some authority to smaller, local governments, but the majority of the power rests with the central government. There are many different types of unitary systems in the world today. In some, like the United Kingdom, local regions are represented in the national government by people who are elected to the national Parliament. In others, the local regions have little say in the government. Local officials may even be appointed by the nation's leader.

In federal systems, power is more balanced between national and local governments than it is in a unitary system. The national government exercises power over the entire country, and local governments control smaller units, such as states or provinces. Federal governments exist in many of the largest countries of the world, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Russia, and the United States.

Structure of governments

Although many countries have similar institutions, the definition of those bodies and the way they work together can vary greatly. The main bodies are an executive, or head of state; a legislature; and a judiciary, or court system. Often these are defined by a constitution. In democracies the roles of these institutions are clearly defined and separated to some extent. In some countries these are all controlled by one person or a small group of people. Such countries can be monarchies or dictatorships.