«The morphology, physiology of microorganisms» *2*66*6*

#1 *!The bacteria belong to the kingdom *Vira *Nocardia *Eucaryotae *Procaryotae+ *Enterobacteriaceae # 2 *!The morphological features of bacteria characterized by *type of staining *the form of bacteria+ *colony morphology *especially bacterial growth *type of oxidative metabolism # 3 *!Classification of microorganisms by forms *bacillus, bacteria *clostridium, bacillus *cocci, rods, convoluted (извитые+) *rods, cocci, mycoplasma *diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci #4 *!The main bacterial staining method by *Gram+ *Neisser *Morozov *Leffler *Buri-Hins #5 *!The method for determining the mobility of bacteria *ELISA *DHAR *PCR *"hanging" drop+ *fixed smear # 6 *!The main taxonomic unit at the identification of bacteria *genus *species+ *class *branch *family # 7 *!Microscopic methods of study the properties of bacteria *antigenic *toxigenic *culture *biochemical *morphological+ #8 *!Culture of microbes isolated from a particular source at the different times is *clone *colony *subspecies *strain+ *option #9 *!The method of microscopy based on refraction of rays *light+ *electronic *dark-field *luminescent *phase-contrast #10 *!A dye used in a simple staining method

*lugol *vezuvin *gentian violet *methylene Blue * Pfeiffer fucsin + #11 *!Appointment of thermostat *sterilization of nutrient media *cultivation of microorganisms+ *sterilization of laboratory glassware *stimulation of sporulation of bacteria *sterilization of surgical instruments #12 *!Gram (+) cocci, dividing in three mutually perpendicular directions, forming thus cubic "bales" *pneumococci

*sarcin+

*micrococci

*streptococci

*staphylococci #13 *!The microorganisms most commonly cause pneumonia *klebsiella *mycoplasmas *meningococcus *staphylococci *streptococci+ #14 *!Morphology of spirochetes *convoluted + *threadlike *spheroidal *conical *rod #15 *!For detect capsules use staining by *Burri+ *Gram *Orzeszkowa *Neisser *Ziehl-Nielsen #16 *!Method of staining spirochaetes *Orzeszkowa *Peshkov *Neisser *Ziehl-Nielsen *Romanovsky – Gimza+ # 17 *! The structure of the bacterial cell, depicted in the figure and responsible for the antigenic potential

*spore

*capsule+

*nucleoid

*pili

*CPM #18 *!Plasmids *protein synthesis centers *girowax substance *supply of nutrients *two filamentary circular molecules of DNA+ *encoded genetic information #19 *!The structure of the bacterial cell, which ensures the preservation of the species under adverse conditions

*spores+ *flagella *capsule *cytoplasm *cell wall #20 *!Diagnosis of significant inclusions of corynebacterium *vacuoles *ribosome *mesosoma *volutin+ *nucleoprotein # 21 *! At the differentiation by Gram stain used dye

*safranin *azure eosin *fuchsine Celia *gentian violet+ *neutral red # 22 *!The main bacterial cell structures are not in

*spores+ *nucleoid *cytoplasm *cell wall *cytoplasmic membrane # 23 *!The main functions of the cytoplasmic membrane *protects the cell *does not form mesosoma *not contains breathing chain *gives a certain form bacteria *transports nutrients into the cell+ # 24 *!Microorganism without tight cell wall *bacillus *chlamydia *rickettsia *mycoplasmas+ *actinomycetes # 25 *!Cytoplasmic membrane *three-layer structure+ *mucous formation *is formed by the action of penicillin *involved in the regulation of osmotic pressure

* nonconstant cellular structure

*formed by the influence of unfavorable factors

#26

*!Flagella of bacteria

*consist of protein flagellin+ *mandatory cell structure *involved in sporulation *characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria *participate in the transfer of genetic material # 27 *!The acid resistance of microorganisms associated with the presence of *capsules *carbohydrates *nucleic acid *girowox substances+ *cytoplasmic membrane # 28 *!The acid resistance is characteristic for *rickettsia

*staphylococci

*diphtheria rods

*tuberculosis rods+

*typhoid rods # 29 *!Method is used for detection of acid-fast bacteria *Hiss *Orzeszkowa *Neisser *Ziehl-Nielsen+ *Romanovsky-Giemsa #30 *!Fungi belong to the kingdom *Vira *Nocardia *Sarcodina *Eucaryotae+ *Procaryotae # 31 *!Spirochetes has *capsule *flagella *axial thread+ *decorated core *homogeneous plasma # 32 *!Staining method for Rickettsia *Gram *Neisser *Ziehl-Nielsen *Zdrodovsky+

*Burri # 33 *!The staining of the Ziehl-Nielsen is used to identify *spores *capsules *grains volutin *acid resistant bacteria+ *cytoplasmic membrane # 34 *Method for determining the mobility of microbes

*electron microscopy

*immunofluoresence

*hanging drop+

*PCR

*ELISA # 35 *!Staining method tubercular rods *Orzeszkowa *Neisser *Leffler *Burri-Gins *Ziehl-Nielsen+ # 36 *!Rickettsia *obligate parasites+ *form secondary curls *ends bent in the form of hooks *have a shallow and frequent curls *get into the body with food and water # 37 *!Dimorphism of fungi is the ability to

*hyphalic growth on nutrient media+

*spore formation in the environment

*capsule formation in the body

*sexual reproduction

*asexual reproduction # 38 *!For RNA viruses include *poxviruses *retroviruses+ *adenoviruses *herpesviruses *gepadnaviruses # 39 *!The founder of Virology *R. Koch *A. Pasteur *L.A. Silber *A.Van Leeuwenhoek *D.I. Ivanovo+ # 40 *!Viruses *saprophytes *membrane parasites *intracellular parasites+ *energy parasites *facultative parasites # 41 *!Virion is *capsid *superkapsid *RNA molecule *DNA molecule *a complete virus particle+ # 42 *!Dimensions virion are measured *angstroms *nanometers+ *centimeters *micrometers *millimeters # 43 *!For the viruses of characteristic *form spores *multiply by division *have a cellular structure *parasitize within cells+ *only grow in aerobic conditions # 44 *!The structure of viruses studied by microscopy *light *electronic+ *darkfield *fluorescent *phase contrast # 45 *!Source of energy among bacteria distinguish *phototrophs+ *metatrofy *autotrophs *heterotrophs *organotrophs # 46 *!Microorganisms receiving energy through redox reactions *autotrophs *phototrophs *chemotrophs+ *auxotrophs *prototrophs

#47

*!Microorganisms which are unable to synthesize organic compounds

*phototrophs

*auxotrophs

*prototrophs

*chemoautotrophs+

*hemogeterotrophs

#48

*!Isolation of pure culture aerobic bacteria is produced method by

*Rite

*Fortner

*Tseyssler

*Weinberg

*Drygalski+

#49

*!Demand microorganisms of growth factors

*parasitism

*prototrophy

*infectiousness

*auxotrophy+

*aerotolerant

#50

*!Metabolic type of obligate anaerobes

*constitutive, fermentation

*fermentation, inducible++

*oxidative, constitutive

*inducible, oxidative

*oxidative, fermentation

#51

*!The nutrient medium for the funded culture of anaerobes

*Leffler

*meat-peptone agar

*meat broth agar

*thioglycolic medium

*Clauberg++

#52

*! Aniline dyes are used for

*contrast

*fluorescence

*refraction of the rays

*fixation of the slide

*staining bacteria+++

#53

*!He developed bacteriological method and introduced into microbiological practice

*R. Koch++

*Louis Pasteur

*I.I. Mechnikov

* Z.V.Yermolyeva

*A. Van Levenguk

#54

*!Microorganisms that cause disease arerefers to

*autotrophs

*paratrofs

*heterotrophs+++

*chemoautotrophs

*photoautotrophs

#55

*!Isolation of pure culture of anaerobic microbe is carried by

*Koch

*Daryl

*Fortner

*Tseyssler+++

*Drigalski

#56

*!Aerobic cultivation provides for the use by

*thermostat+++

*desiccator

*candles Sharberlen

*candles Omelyansky

*Aristovskaya apparatus

#57

*!Bacteriophages are

*eukaryotes

*prokaryotes

*obligate parasites of viruses

*obligate parasites of bacteria+++

*agents of human infectious diseases

#58

*!The proteolytic properties of bacteria are determined in

*MPA

*Hiss medium

*bevelled agar

*in the gelatin column++

*an elective dense medium

#59

*!The plasmid, which controls the synthesis of sex villi

*R-plasmid

*F-plasmid+++

*Ent-plasmid

*Col-plasmid

*Hly-plasmid

#60

*!Microscope for the study of bacterial ultrastructure

*electronic+++

*dark-field

*immersion

*luminescent

*phase-contrast

#61

*!Azor, eosin and methylene blue are used in the staining method by

*Gram

*Ozheshko

*Zdrodovsky

*Tsilyu-Nielsen

*Romanovsky-Giemsa+++

#62

*!Specify the nutrient medium for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

*blood agar

*potato glycerine medium+++

*thioglycolic medium

*yolk-salt agar

*hepatic bouillon

#63

*!Mandatory components differential diagnostic mediums

*differentiating factor

*indicator++

*agar

*sucrose

*bile

#64

*!Differentiating factor in mediums Endo, Levin is Ploskireva is a

*agar-agar

*sucrose

*glucose

*lactose+++

*bile

#65

*!In the bacteriological laboratory brought material from a patient with a diagnosis of pneumonia.

The method of staining necessary to apply for the detection of pneumococcus capsules

*Gram

*Neisser

*Orzeszkowa

*Hins-Burri+++

*Ziehl-Nielsen

#66

*!To isolate pure cultures of anaerobic microorganisms use methods

*physical

*chemical

*mechanical

*biology++++

*virological

#67

*!The sequence of use of reagents on Gram stain

*fuchsin solution, ethyl alcohol, Lugol's solution, gentian-violet, water

*gentian-violet, ethyl alcohol, Lugol's solution, magenta solution, water

*fuchsin solution, Lugol's solution, ethyl alcohol, water, gentian violet,

*lugol solution, gentian violet, ethyl alcohol, water, fuchsin solution, water

*gentian violet, Lugol's solution, ethyl alcohol, water, fuchsin solution, water++

#68

*!Gram stain depends on

*morphology of bacteria

*the composition of the culture medium

*the method of obtaining energy

*the composition and structure of the cell wall++

*structure of the cytoplasmic membrane

#69

*!Gram stain has a diagnostic meaning for

*eukaryotes

*mycoplasmas

*prokaryotes+++

*protoplasts

*L-form bacteria

#70

*!The resolving magnification of the objective microscopy of microorganisms

*х60

*х80

*х40

*х10

*х100+++

#71

*!At the light microscopy of bacteria is used

*lighting side

*immersion oil+++

*lowered condenser

*lens with an increase in 40

*totally closed diaphragm

#72

*!Simple staining methods of allow

*examine the shape+++

*staining capsules

*staining flagella

*identify the shell

*identify the nucleoid

#73

*!The functions of flagella

*involved in cell division

*provide mobility+++

*give a definite shape to bacteria

*solutes are transported to the cell

*protection against adverse external influences

#74

*!The principle of division into simple and complex staining techniques

*method of fixing

*microscopy method

*morphology bacteria

*the cost of dyes

*quantity of dyes+++

#75

*!Staphylococci - spherical bacteria located

*in pairs

*in the form of a chain

*with four cells

*like cluster of grapes+++

*singly or promiscuous

#76

*!In the preparation of smear first necessary

*calcine the loop

*light the spirit lamp

*degrease the glass+++

*take a culture of bacteria

*apply a drop of physical solution on glass

#77

*!Clone - a population of bacteria

*a dedicated from one source

*extracted from the different sources

*with different the specific features

*obtained from one bacterial cell+++

*having a similar morphological characters

#78

*!In liquid nutrient media, bacteria formed

*colonies

*crystals

*turbidity+++

*bleaching

*full condensation of the medium

#79

*!The spirochetes stain with by the method of

*Romanovsky-Giemsa+++

*Burri-Hins

*Leffler

*Neisser

*Hiss

#80

*!At the determining spores are used a complicated method for staining by

*Gram

*Neisser

*Peshkov

*Orzeszko

*Ziehl-Nielsen+++

#81

*!Volutin grains of bacteria are located in

*nucleus

*vacuoles

*mesosoma

*ribosomes

*cytoplasm+++

#82

*!Monotrichous - bacteria

*without flagella

*with a bunch of flagella

*with a single flagellum+++

*with flagella, located all over the cell surface

*with one or several flagella at opposite ends

#83

*!The protein of microbial cells synthesized in the

*vacuoles

*mesosoma

*nucleoid

*ribosomes+++

*cytoplasmic membrane

#84

*!Grains volutin

*mucous formation

*consist only of protein

*robust, resilient structure

*organelles participating in metabolism

*spare of the polyphosphate material nature+++

#85

*!Function of simple pili

*organelles movements+++

*carried protein biosynthesis

*extra-chromosomal genetic elements

*organelles participating in metabolism

*bacteria adhesion to certain cells

#86

*!The composition of the pili includes protein

*flagelin+++

*albumen

*fibrin

*myosin

*elastin

#87

*!Nucleoid

*nucleus in bacteria+++

*organelles which is carrying out protein biosynthesis

*local intussusceptums cytoplasmic membrane

*inclusion of the bacterial cells that give initiate new cells

*structural components of cells, playing the role of reserve nutrients

#88

*!Function of sex pili

*organelles movement

*carry out protein biosynthesis

*extra-chromosomal genetic elements

*organelles involved in metabolism

*participation in the transfer of genetic material++++

#89

*!To identify grains volutin used method of staining by

*Gins

*Gram

*Orzeszko

*Neisser+++

*Burri-Gins

#90

*!The functions of ribosomes in bacteria

*protein synthesis centers+++

*reserves of nutrients

*are the for conservation of the species

*are derivatives plasma membrane

*preserve the cell from the adverse impacts

#91

*!The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria

*multilayered

*single layer

*porous

*mucous membranes

*giro-waxen+++

#92

*!The method of phase-contrast microscopy

*gives an increase in the 900-1350

*is used for the detection of flagella

*it allows you to explore the microbes living condition

*used to study the structure of the bacterial cell+++

*object illuminated by oblique side rays do not fall into the lens

#93

*!Morphological features of spirochetes

*the existence of shell

*formalized nucleus

*availability of grains volutin

*the contractility of protoplasm

*convoluted shape++

#94

*!Actinomycetes

*gram negative

*the acid-resistant

*have a volutin grain

*have the form of long branching filaments+++

*in the composition of the peptidoglycan detected arabinose, galactose

#95

*!Rickettsia characterized

*the absence of DNA

*relate to viruses

*resistance to acids+++

*relate to eukaryotes

*shallow polymorphic microorganisms

#96

*!One of the properties Rickettsia is

*mobility

*polymorphism

*rigid shell+++

*availability of grains volutin

*grow on nutrient media

#97

*!Morphology and structure of fungi characterized

*formation of mycelium+++

*capsule formation

*the absence of a cell wall

*availability of a giro waxy substances

*diffuse situated nuclear substance

#98

*!Mycoplasmas

*form a exospores

*multiply by division

*reproduce only in living cells

*reproduces the main form - elementary bodies+++

*reproduce by fission or fragmentation budding

#99

* A microorganism not capable of synthesizing peptidoglycan

*escherichia

*clostridia

*salmonella

*mycoplasma+++

*rickettsia

#100

*!Chlamydias

*gram positive

*possess a polymorphism

*grow on nutrient media

*in the body formed a capsule

*an obligate intracellular organisms+++

#101

*!The virion is characterized by

*mitochondria

*nucleocapsid+++

*chromatin substance

*cranules of glycogen and starch

*intracellular inclusions

#102

*!Which are the properties the bacteria are studying at microscopic method

*antigen

*toxigenic

*biochemical

*cultural

*morphological++++

#103

*!Tissue culture is used to

*cultivation of fungi

*virus cultivation+++

*cultivation of the bacteria

*obtain antibiotics

*formulation of serological tests

#104

*!Methods of identification of viruses in tissue culture

*conjugation

*dissociation

*transformation

*aerogenesis

*cytopathic effect+++

#105

*!Obligate anaerobes

*contain a cytochromes

*for the growth is needed sunlight

*glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water

*vegetative forms are killed in the presence of oxygen+++

*when the action of oxygen, water is formed, which destroys the cell

#106

*!As a result of metabolic reactions occur

*energy consumption

*replacement of air with an inert gas++++

*accumulation of energy in ATP molecules

*assimilation of inorganic of nitrogen compounds

*cleavage of organics to mineral

#107

*!Lipopolysaccharides of bacteria

*it antigens+++

*activation of enzymes

*responsible for heredity

*the use of organic waste

*are the spare nutrients

#108

*!Cultivation of aerobic involves the use of

*desiccator

*thermostat+++

*candles Chamberlin

*candles Omelyanskogo

*Aristovskaya apparatus

#109

*!Physiological signs of a microorganism is characterized by

*the form and structure the bacteria

*features the growth of bacteria++++

*morphology of microorganisms

*molecular biological features

*structure of bacteria

#110

*! Determination of biochemical properties of microorganisms provides for

*detection of the pathogen

*determination the immune status

*pathogenicity of the pathogen

*identification of the allocated pure culture++++

*determination susceptibility to antibiotics

#111

*!The purpose of Phase I of the bacteriological method

*seeding of the test material+++

*receipt of isolated colonies

*microscopy of test material

*identification of the test cultures

*isolation and accumulation of pure culture

#112

*!In the stationary phase of growth of microorganisms occurs

*phase at which the number of bacterial cells does not increase++++

*maximum cell rate of reproduction

*at a constant speed going cell death

*activity of the bacterial cells and lengthens the period of generation

*there is an intensive growth of the cells, but the low rate of reproduction

#113

*!Logarithmic growth phase of the microorganism

*phase of the withering away of the bacteria

*initial phase of intensive growth

*maximal growth phase and intensive division+++

*phase in which the number of viable cells was not changed

*phase in which the number of bacterial cells is not increased

#114

*!Death phase of microorganism

*phase of the withering away of the bacteria+++

*the initial phase of intensive growth

*maximal growth phase and intensive division

*phase in which the number of bacterial cells is not increased

*phase in which the number of viable cells at the maximum level

#115

*! Microorganisms that do not use oxygen to produce energy, but exist in its atmosphere

*facultative anaerobes+++

*obligate anaerobes

*obligate aerobes

*aerotolerant microorganisms

*microaerophiles

#116

*!Method of cultivation of anaerobes

*Drigalsky

*Appelman

*diffusion into agar

*serial dilutions

*high column agar+++

#117

*!Cultural properties of bacteria

*type of metabolism

*morphology of bacteria

*colonial morphology+++

*metabolism intensity

*the ability to perceive the dye

#118

*!In conclusion, after a bacteriological study basically indicates

*genus

*species+++

*clone

*strain

*family

#119

*!Distinctive feature of plasmids

*сause lysis of bacteria

*independently are not replicated

*сontain a circular closed RNA

*located in the bacterial cell chromosome

*are extrachromosomal hereditary factors++++

#120

*!Bacteriological diagnosis method is used for

*allocating of pure bacterial DNA

*detection of antibodies in patient serum

*detection of antigen in the test material

*isolation and identification of viruses - pathogens

*isolation and identification of bacteria – pathogens+++

#121

*!The mechanism of nutrient penetration into the bacterial cell

*simple diffusion+++

*active diffusion

*super diffusion

*transformation

*reproduction

#122

*!Methods of allocating of pure culture and its identification

*bioassay

*allergic method

*serological method

*microscopic method

*bacteriological method+++

#123

*!The basic structure of meat peptone broth is

*enzymatic peptone, meat extract, sodium chloride+++

*gelatin, meat broth

*distilled water

*vitamins, enzymes

*lactose

#124

*!Elective mediums

*Rou medium+++

*Endo medium

*Hiss medium

*МPB

*МPA

#125

*!The basic structure of blood agar

*defibrinated blood+++

*blood serum

*blood plasma

*fructose

*blood

#126

*!Formation of colonies of red color on Endo medium, indicates the ability of the this microorganism

*decompose gelatin

*form of indole

*fermenting glucose

*fermenting lactose+++

*to form hydrogen sulfide

#127

*!Characteristic sign of the growth of bacterial cultures on dense nutrient media

*diffuse opacities

*formation of colonies++++

*clot formation

*formation of the film

*the precipitate

#128

*!At the growth of bacteria occurs

*transformation

*DNA replication

*increase in the number of cells in the population

*segregation of daughter DNA chains

*increase in cell mass++++

#129

*!A blood agar

*inhibits the growth of bacteria

*elective nutrient medium

*differential diagnostic medium

*prepared by mixing 1: 1 IPA and blood+++

*to determine hemolytic activity of bacteria

#130

*!For the cultivation of anaerobes in bacteriological laboratories use

*distiller

*Koch's apparatus

*Pasteur oven

*autoclave

*anoerostat+++

#131

*!Microorganisms by type of nutrition

*lithotrophs+++

*microaerophiles

*obligate aerobes

*obligate anaerobes

*facultativeanaerobes

#132

*!The main requirement to be met by a nutrient medium

*fertility

*sterility+++

*homogeneity

*solubility

*permeability