1. Сұрақ: Give definition to information and communication technologies

Жауап: Information Communication Technology (ICT) includes all the technologies used for communication of information. These include devices such as computers, internet and intranet, local and wide area networks (wired and wireless), voice mail, e-mail, audio visual systems, compact discs and video discs, broadcast receiving systems and telecommunication systems, media, printed media, virtual learning centers, instructional software, education television, satellite communication, cable TV, conventional and interactive radio used in teaching and learning.

2. Сұрақ: Describe computer systems

Жауап: A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

A computer is an electronic system that can be instructed to accept, process, store, and present data and information. It is made up of two component parts: hardware and software.

– Hardware is a general term for the physical components that make up a computer system, for example keyboard, mouse, monitor, processor, circuit board and so on.

– Software is a general term for the programs that control the computer system. Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it.

There are two types of software:

-systems software: programs that allow the hardware to run properly, e.g. operating systems

-applications software: programs that allows the user to do specific tasks, e.g.

Main components of computer systems:

- input devices: keyboard, mouse

- output devices: monitor, printer

- secondary storage devices: DVD R/W drive, removable hard drive.

(Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts.

Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. )

3. Сұрақ: Give definition to Operating system.

Жауап: An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware, i.e. manages all the other programs in a computer.

Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as a command language or a graphical user interface (GUI).

Classification of Operating systems: Multi-user, Multiprocessing, Multitasking, Multithreading, Real time.

All modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). A GUI lets you use your mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and every thingis clearly displayed on the screen using a combination of graphics and text.

The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux.