4. Select the appropriate word from the list provided.

An improper or inadequate _____ can lead to a number of diseases. On the other hand,

good nutritional habits can help prevent certain diseases. Heart disease in its most common form is called _____________(CAD). CAD narrows the ____________and so reduces the blood supply to the heart. It can lead to ______________ of chest pain and, eventually, to life-threatening ____________. High __________and high levels of blood cholesterol are two of the major risk factors for CAD. Each of these risk factors can often be lessened by following good_____________. Many people with mild high blood pressure can reduce it by limiting their intake of_______________. Similarly many people can lower their blood ___________ level by reducing the amount of cholesterol, fat — particularly saturated fat — and calories in their diet. They can do so by avoiding such _______ as butter, cakes, cookies, egg yolks, fatty meats, tropical oils, and whole-fat dairy products.

• blood pressure

• salt and calories

• diet

• coronary disease

• coronary arteries

• nutritional practices

• crippling attacks

• foods

• cholesterol

• heart attacks

5. Match the vitamins with their chemical names.

1. Vitamin A a. Riboflavin

2. Vitamin B, b. Pyridoxine

3. Vitamin B2 с. Cobalamin

4. Vitamin B3 d. Retinol

5. Vitamin B5 e. Biotin

6. Vitamin B6 f. Ascorbic acid

7. Vitamin B7 g. Calciferol

8. Vitamin B9 h. Niacin

9. Vitamin B12 і. Tocopherol

10. Vitamin С j. Phylloquinone or menaquinone

11. Vitamin D k. Thiamine

12. Vitamin E l. Folic acid

13. Vitamin К m. Pantothenic acid

6. Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate prepositions. Translate the completed text into Ukrainian.

Vitamins are classified by/with their biological and chemical act ty, not their structure. Thus, each "vitamin" refers to/on a number in/of vitamer compounds that all show the biological activity associated by/with a particular vitamin. Such a set of/in chemicals is grouped under/above an alphabetized vitamin "generic descriptor" title, suck as "vitamin A", which includes the compounds retinal, retinol, four known carotenoids. Vitamers by/with definition are convertit for/to the active form of/for the vitamin in/at the body, and are sometimes interconvertible to/for one another, as well.

Самостійна робота

Independent work nutrition

Nutrition is the science that deals with food and how the body uses it. Food supplies the energy for every action we perform. It also provides substance that the body needs to build and repair its tissues and to regulate its organs and systems.

A proper diet helps to prevent certain illnesses and aids in recovery from other. Eating a balanced diet is the best way to ensure that the body receives all the food substances it needs.

The daily diet should include a certain number of servings from each of five food groups: vegetables; fruit; breads, cereals, rice and pasta; milk, yogurt and cheese; meat, poultry, fish, dried beans and peas, eggs and nuts.

Food provides certain chemical substances needed for good health. The substances,

called nutrients, perform one or more of three functions:

1. They provide materials for building, regaining or maintaining body tissues.

2. They help to regulate body processes.

3. They serve as fuel to provide energy.

There are six main groups of nutrients. Water is the most critical nutrient. One can live without other nutrients for several weeks, but we can go without water for only about one week.

The body needs water to carry out all its life processes. Adults should consume about 2—2.5 litres of water a day. Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches. They serve as the main source of energy. The main sugar in food is sucrose, ordinary white or brown sugar. Fructose comes from most fruits and many vegetables. Lactose is found in milk. Foods containing starches include beans, breads, cereals, corn, pasta (macaroni). Fats are a highly concentrated source of energy and they are composed of an alcohol called glycerol and substances called fatty acids. Proteins provide energy and serve as one of the main building materials of the body. Muscle, skin, cartilage and hair are made up largely of proteins. Every cell contains proteins called enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions. Minerals are needed for the growth and maintenance of body structures. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus are essential parts of the bones and teeth. There are trace elements which include chromium, cooper, fluorine, iodine, iron and zinc. Iron is an important haemoglobin. Vitamins should be supplied daily in the diet.

Answer the questions.

1. What does nutrition deal with?

2. What is food used?

3. How many food groups do you know?

4. What properties do nutrients posses?

5. What are proteins?

6. What proteins do you know?

7. What are carbohydrates?

8. What are fats?

9. What are the functions of fructose, lactose, minerals?

10. What are essential parts of the bones and teeth?