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III. Writing

1. What questions would you ask to obtain the following information?

• Role of vitamins in our life

• Influence of vitamins on human health

• Solubility and storage of vitamins

• Food sources of vitamins

• Factors that interfere with the absorption or use of vitamins

• Recommended diets

• Avitaminosis and hypervitaminosis

• Deficiency diseases

2. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Вітаміни — це органічні сполуки різної хімічної природ необхідні в невеликих кількостях для нормального обмі речовин і життєдіяльності живих організмів.

2. Багато вітамінів є попередниками коферментів, які беру участь у ферментативних реакціях.

3. Людина і тварини не синтезують вітаміни або синтезують у недостатній кількості, тому повинні одержувати їх із їжею.

4. Нестача вітамінів призводить до порушення обміну речовин Джерелом вітамінів найчастіше є рослини.

5. За нормального раціону і здорового способу життя потреба у вітамінах задовольняється природним шляхом.

3. Complete the sentences about vitamins with the words from the box. One word is used twice.

immune system, skin, nervous system,

teeth, eyes, sunlight,

pregnancy, large intestine, antioxidant,

hemolytic anaemia, metabolism, blood,

stress, brain, enzymes

1. Vitamin A keeps the ... healthy and is important for good vision. It is found in fatty foods like butter, cheese, whole milk and yoghurt.

2. Vitamin A, and more specifically, retinoic acid, appears to maintain normal ... health by switching on genes and differentiating keratinocytes (immature skin cells) into mature epidermal cells.

3. The В vitamins keep the ... healthy and help reduce... . They are found in foods like whole grain bread and cereals.

4. Vitamin B9 is needed before and during ... . It is present mainly in green leafy vegetables and legumes.

5. The primary role of vitamin B6 is to act as a coenzyme to many other ... in the body that are involved predominantly in ... .

6. Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the ... and nervous system, and for the formation of... .

7. Vitamin С is needed to help the ... repair itself when it is damaged. It is found in fruit, especially citrus fruit and kiwifruit.

8. Vitamin D is needed for healthy bones and ... because it helps the body absorb calcium. Our body makes vitamin D when our ... is exposed to ... .

9. Vitamin E can be found most abundantly in wheat germ oil, and in sunflower or soybean oils. It is a fat-soluble ... that stops the production of reactive oxygen species formed when fat undergoes oxidation.

10. Deficiency of vitamin E is very rare but mild ... in newborn infants may occur.

11. Vitamin K1 is found chiefly in leafy green vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli; some fruits such as avocado, kiwifruit and grapes are also high in vitamin K.

12. Many bacteria, such as Escherichia coli found in the ... , can synthesize vitamin К2, but not vitamin K1.

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