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Organic Chemistry. Органічна хімія.

I. Vocabulary

1. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. An organic compound is a substance whose molecules contain one or more carbon atoms (excluding Carbonates, cyanides, carbides, and a few others).

2. Until 1828. scientists believed that organic compounds could be formed only by life133 processes (hence the name).

3. Since carbon has a far greater tendency to form molecular chains and rings than other elements do, its compounds are vastly more numerous (many millions have beefs described) han all others known.

4. Living organisms consist mostly of water and organic compounds: proteins,

carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids, hormones, vitamins, etc.

5. Natural and. synthetic fibers and. most .fuels, drugs, and plastics are organic.

6. Hydrocarbons contain, only carbon and .hydrogen; organic compounds with.-other; functional; groups include carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, ethers, esters, and other more complex, molecules, including heterocyclic compounds, isoprenoids, and amino acids.

2. Translate from Ukrainian to English.

Органічні сполуки; атоми вуглецю; скелет молекули; структура речовини; токсичні речовини; органічні компоненти; ліпіди різноманітного класу; вуглеводи широко поширені в природі; прості цукри.

3. Translate sentences.

1. Molecules of organic substances are formed out of their atoms. They form the basis of life: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, vitamins, etc. Organograms (C, H, N, P, O, S) have their own characteristics and functions in a body.

2. Carbon reacts with oxygen copper oxide and forms carbon dioxide, whereas hydrogen forms water.

3. The presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in organic compounds.

4. The human body contains different proteins.

5. The blood, hair fingernails, skin, tendon and muscle fibers consist mostly of protein.

6. Proteins are among the .most important substances in plants and animals.

7. The carbon atom possesses the property of being able to form either chains or rings by joining up a number of similar carbon atoms together.

II. Dialogues

1. Work with a partner. Here are his answers. Ask him questions.

- _________________________________________________________________?

- Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.

- _________________________________________________________________?

- The three biggest classes, of the organic compounds .are proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.

- ________________________ _________________________________________?

- Proteins are made of many ami no acids linked together. Amino acids are compounds having both the properties of amines and acids.

- _________________________________________________________________?

- The amino acids essential for human, equlibrium are: isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylanine, theonine, and valine.

-___________________________________________________________________?

- Proteins are separated into groups based chiefly on physical properties (solubility, coagulation, precipitation). These groups are: albumins, globulins, prolamines, nucleo-proteins, phosphoroproteins (casein in milk), albuminoids, chfo.moproteios (color of hemoglobin).

-___________________________________________________________________?

- The most important carbohydrates..are sugars, starches, and celluloses.

- __________________________________________________________________?

- A common simple sugar is glucose, a primary, product of photosynthesis, present in very plant ceil.

-___________________________________________________________________?

- Ordinary sugar, (cane-sugar, beet-sugar) is sucrose. The molecules of it are found in plants (wheat, maize, barley, carrots, sugar beet) in most fruits and leaves of many plants.

-___________________________________________________________________?

- One of the three large classes of .substances in, foods and living cells, lipids contain more than twice as much energy (calories) pet unit of weight as the other two (proteins and carbohydrates).

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