3. Match the synonyms.

1. to introduce	a. drawback
2. disadvantage	b. to show
3. to increase	c. to speed up
4. flow	d. confined
5. limited	e. to contain
6. to accelerate	f. stream
7. to include	g. to enlarge

Read the dialoug . Answer the questions below by selecting the answer that correctly completes each sentence,

Patient: Hi, 1 need a prescription filled. Pharmacist: Sure. What's your name? Patient: Chirag Joseph, Pharmacist: How do you spell Chirag? Patient: C-H-l-R-A-G.

Pharmacist: OK, here it is. Do you have any questions about the prescription?

Patient: 1 guess. What is it?

Pharmacist: Your doctor has ordered rifampin.

Patient; Rifa what?

Pharmacist: Rifampin, it's spelled R-l-F-A-M-P-l-N. Do you know why your doctor prescribed this medication? Patient: Yeah, I have TB.

Pharmacist: That's right. Rifampin helps to treat bacterial TB. It comes in capsules. Patient; I have a hard time swallowing pills.

Pharmacist: That's OK. You can open the capsules and sprinkle it on a spoonful of applesauce, for example, and eat it right way. Patient: OK.

Pharmacist: You'll need to take the medication on an empty stomach. And make sure to drink a full

glass of water with it. Your doctor wants you to take one capsule 1 to 2 hours before or after you eat

I will put a label with instructions on the bottle.

Patient: I've never had TB before. This medicine will clear it up?

Pharmacist: (t will help treat it. Are you allergic to any medication?

Patient: Not medication, but I'm allergic to latex, like, you know, latex gloves.

Pharmacist: Since this is a new medication for you, just pay attention to any side effects, such as upset stomach, heartburn, dizziness, and drowsiness. And don't be alarmed if you notice that your urine appears reddish. Always call your doctor if you're concerned or have any questions. Do you have any questions? Patient: No.

Pharmacist: OK, Chirag, I need some personaf information. What's your address?

Patient: 3 Chester Street in Philadelphia.

Pharmacist: Your birth date?

Patient: May 26,1981.

Pharmacist: Your doctor is Dr. Menken?

Patient: Yeah.

Pharmacist: Phone number? Patient; 231-5521.

Pharmacist; Do you have a prescription drug plan?

Patient: No. I have medical insurance, but no drug plan. How much is this going to cost me? Pharmacist: $189.00.

Patient: Oh my God. is there a cheaper brand? Pharmacist: This is the generic, less expensive medication. Patient: I'll charge it on my MasterCard. Pharmacist: That's fine.

Answer the questions below by selecting the answer that correctly completes each sentence.

1. The patient's prescription wiII treat his;

   1. tuberculosis

   2. scoliosis

   3. fibrosis

2. The patient's name is:

   1. Joseph Chirag

   2. Chirag Joseph

   3. Joe Chirag

      7. The prescription is for:

         1. rifampin

         2. Rifadin

         3. Rimactane

Самостійна робота

ADMINISTRATION OF DRUDS

The route of administration of a drug (how it is introduced into the body) is very important in determining the rate and completeness of its absorption into the bloodstream and speed and duration of the drug's action in the body.

The different methods used by physicians and allied health person¬nel to administer drugs are listed below, with a brief discussion of each method:

Oral administration. The route of administration is by mouth. Drugs given orally must pass into the stomach and be absorbed into the blood¬stream through the intestinal wall. Although this method is probably most acceptable to patients from the standpoint of convenience, it may have several disadvantages. If the drug is destroyed in the digestive tract by digestive juices or if the drug cannot pass through the intestinal mu¬cosa, it will be ineffective. Also, oral administration is slower than other methods and disadvantageous if time is a factor in therapy.

Sublingual administration. In this route of administration, drugs are not swallowed but are placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve in the saliva. Absorption may be rapid for some agents. Nitroglycerin tablets are taken this way to treat attacks of chest pain (angina pectoris). The nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and opens the coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the heart muscle.

Rectal administration. Suppositories (cone-shaped objects contain¬ing drugs) and water solutions are inserted into the rectum. At times, drugs are given by rectum when oral administration presents difficul¬ties, such as when the patient is nauseated and vomiting.

Parenteral administration. This type of administration is accom¬plished by injection through a syringe under the skin, into a muscle, into a vein, or into a body cavity. There are several types of paren¬teral injections:

Subcutaneous injection. This injection is sometimes called a hypo¬dermic injection, and is given just under the several layers of the skin. The outer surface of the arm and the anterior surface of the skin are usual locations for subcutaneous injections.

Intradermal injection. This shallow injection is made into the up¬per layers of the skin. It is used chiefly in skin testing for allergic reac¬tions. Short needles are used, and an elevation appears on the skin when an intradermal injection is given properly Intramuscular injection (I.M.). This injection is given into the muscle, usually into the buttocks. When drugs are irritating the skin or when a large volume of a long-acting drug is to be given, I.M. injec¬tions are advisable.

Intravenous injection (I.V.). This injection is given directly into the veins. It is given when an immediate effect from the drug is desired or when the drug cannot be given into other tissues. Good technical skill is needed in administering this injection, since leakage of drugs into surrounding tissues may result in damage to the tissues.

Intrathecal injection. This injection is made into the sheath of membranes (meninges) which surround the spinal cord and brain. The effects of the drug administered so are usually limited to the central nervous system, and intrathecal injections are often used to produce anesthesia.

Intracavitary injection. This injection is made into a body cavity, as, for example, into the peritoneal or pleural cavity.

Inhalation. In this method of administration, vapors, or gases, are taken into the nose or mouth and are absorbed into the bloodstream through the thin walls of the air sacs in the lungs. Aerosols (particles of the drug suspended in air) are administered by inhalation.

Topical application. This is the local external application of drugs on skin or mucous membranes of the mouth or other surface. It is commonly used to accelerate the healing of abrasions, for antiseptic treatment of a wound, and as an antipruritic (against itching). Topical application may also include administration of drugs into the eyes, ears, nose, and vagina. Lotions are used most often when the skin is moist, or "weeping," and ointments and creams are used when the lesions are dry.

Answer the questions.

1.What ways of drug administration do you know?

2.Who prescribes the way of drug administration to a patient?

3.What is the difference between the oral and sublingual ways?

4.When is the sublingual way indicated?

5.Why should a physician prescribe rectal administration?

6.What are the ways of parenteral administration? What is the dif¬ference between them?

7.What diseases can be treated by inhalation?

Prescription

Рецепт

1. Active Vocabulary

1.Translate into English

Рецепт-……………………………………….

виконувати, здійснювати……………………….

Єдиний-………………………………………………

торгова назва-……………………………………..

зрозуміло, що-………………………………………..

підпис-……………………………………………..

2. Match the words to form word combinations.

1. medical a) properties

2. trade b) directions

3. pharmacological c) practitioner

4. specific d) document

5. legal e) name

3. Translate into English.

1.В Англії рецепти пишуть англійською мовою.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

2.Доза, дозування, часи прийому і лікарська форма пишуться латиною.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Існує лише одна офіційна (фармакопейна) назва і декілька торгових

назв одного й того ж лікарського препарату.

...............................................................................................................

……………………………………………….

III Writing

1. .Сomplete the sentence.

Antibiotic, prescription, compounded, serious, several.

,The word "prescription" comes from the Latinpraescriptus …………………………………… from prae (before) + scribere (to write) = to write before. Historically, a prescription was written before the drug was prepared and administered.

The language of the …………………………………….was unique in Great Britain some half a cen¬tury ago when all the names of drugs were latinized. Today all prescriptions are written in English, but you still find contracted Latin words.

A more ………………………………. problem is the naming of drugs. Each drug has three names. They are the chemical name, the so-called generic name, and trade name. Most drugs have …………………………….. trade names because each company gives it a different name.

For example, ampicillin — the generic name of a well-known …………………………..; al-pha-aminobenzyl P — it's chemical name; Omnipen, Penbritin, Polycillin, etc. are its trade names.

2. Write an essay on the topic : Prescription.

3. To combine words into sentences.

1.) names ,of, drugs, were, latinized, the, language, some, half, a cen¬tury, ago,when, all, the, of, the, prescription, was, unique, in, Great Britain .

2) by the ,symbol "S" or "Sig.", from,these ,instructions ,are, preceded, the, Latin, meaning "mark."

3) and, administered, Historically, writte, befor, the,drug,a, prescription, was, prepared.

Read the dialoug . Answer the questions below by selecting the answer that correctly completes each sentence,

Pharmacist: Good morning, Mr. Jackson. How are you today? Do you remember me?

Patient: 1 think so. Were you the pharmacist the last time t was here?

Pharmacist: Yes, Pm Linda Riley.

Patient: Linda. Now 1 remember.

Pharmacist: So how are you doing? How are you feeling?

Patient: OK.

Pharmacist: i remember that you started to see us after you were diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Are you taking your meds? Patient: Yes.

Pharmacist: Can you tell me what you're taking?

Patient: Well, let me get my bottles out. I'm taking val... sar... tan. I'm taking La ... six. And 2 weeks ago I had a cataract removed, so I'm taking drops, I think they're called lo . . . te . . . max. Here you go. Pharmacist: Thank you. Can you tell me what you're taking valsartan for? Patient: For my heart.

Pharmacist: Can you teff me why you're taking the Lasix?

Patient: Doctor told me it stops me from having too much water in my lungs and helps with the swelling in my legs.

Pharmacist: And how about the Lotemax?

Patient: After she took out my cataract from my left eye, she told me to put the drops in so I don't get inflammation. My eye is fine. I'm gonna see her next week for a checkup. Pharmacist: Are you able to see better? Patient'. Yes, very much.

Pharmacist: Good. Mr. Jackson, you've done a good job of bringing in all your meds. Are you taking your medications as directed by your doctor and as on the medication labels? Patient: Yes.

Pharmacist; Are any of the medicines giving you any trouble?

Patient: Well, sometimes when I get up from sitting, I feel a little dizzy. And I'm going to the bathroom a lot. Pharmacist: Well., the Lasix helps to remove the extra fluid, or what we call edema, in your body and your legs. That explains why you're urinating more. The dizziness is a common side effect of valsartan and Lasix. Try to get up slowly. Can you tell me when you're taking your valsartan?

Patient: Well, i really try to take the val... sar... tan with food, but the doctor said 1 don't need to take it with food.

Pharmacist: How about the Lasix?

Patient: The doctor told me to take it around eight in the morning every day so I don't have to wake up so much in the night to urinate. So i try not to take my pills at night.

Pharmacist: That's a good idea. 1 see from your chart you have smoked in the past. Are you smoking now? Patient: No, I wish I could.

Pharmacist: According to your chart part of your treatment includes some exercise. What kind of physical activity do you do?

Patient; Well, 1 have been going out for walks in the evenings and on weekends if the weather is nice. But I didn't walk for almost 2 weeks when 1 had the eye patch over my eye.

Pharmacist: Well, I'm glad you are walking as much as you can. It's important. Mr. Jackson, do you

have any questions for me?

Patient: No, I'm OK. Thank you so much, dear.

Answer the questions below by selecting the answer that correctly completes each sentence.

1. The patient's name is:

   1. Mr. Jack

   2. Mr. Jackson

   3. Mr. Janson

2. The pharmacist's name is: 3}Linda Riley

2. Linda Wiley

3. Lynne Riley

Самостійна робота

ENGLISH PRESCRIPTIONS

A prescription (Rx) is a health-care program implemented by a physician or other medical practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient. Prescriptions may include orders to be performed by a patient, caretaker, nurse, pharmacist or other therapist. Commonly, the term pre¬scription is used to mean an order to take certain medications.

The word "prescription" comes from the Latinpraescriptus compounded from prae (before) + scribere (to write) = to write before. Historically, a prescription was written before the drug was prepared and administered.

The language of the prescription was unique in Great Britain some half a cen¬tury ago when all the names of drugs were latinized. Today all prescriptions are written in English, but you still find contracted Latin words.

A more serious problem is the naming of drugs. Each drug has three names. They are the chemical name, the so-called generic name, and trade name. Most drugs have several trade names because each company gives it a different name.

For example, ampicillin — the generic name of a well-known antibiotic; al-pha-aminobenzyl P — it's chemical name; Omnipen, Penbritin, Polycillin, etc. are its trade names.

It goes without saying that a prescription cannot be written without a very good knowledge of the dose effects of drugs. Each drug has its own dose specifica¬tion dependent on pharmacological properties, metabolism of the drug. It should have the following information:

1) Prescriber information (name and address of the physician and his tele-

phone number).

2) Patient information (name, address, age and the date).

3) The symbol "Rx" is a symbol for recipe and it means (in Latin) a command for a patient "take".

4) The body of the prescription provides the names and quantities of the chief ingredients of the prescription. Also in this part of prescription you find the dose and dosage form, such as tablet, suspension, capsule, syrup.

5) The subscription, which gives specific directions for the pharmacist on how to compound the medication.

6) The signature, gives instructions to the patient on how, how much, when, and how long the drug is to be taken. These instructions are preceded by the symbol "S" or "Sig." from the Latin, meaning "mark."

A prescription is a written order for compounding, dispensing, and administer¬ing drugs to a specific client or patient and once it is signed by the physician it be¬comes a legal document! Prescriptions are required for all medications that require the supervision of a physician, that must be controlled because they are addictive and carry the potential of being abused, and that could cause health threats from side effects if taken incorrectly, for example heart medications (cardiac drugs), insulin, and antibiotics.

Answer the questions.

1. What is prescription?

2. What does the word "praescriptus" come from?

3. What does it mean?

4. In what language are the prescriptions written in Great Britain?

5. Is Latin used in prescriptions at present?

6. How many names does a drug posses?

7. What name of the drug is difficult to use and remember?

8. Why are the trade names of drug difficult to use and remember?

9. What drug names are not known to general public?

10. On what does the dose of a drug depend?

Medication Summary Structure.

Структура анотації до лікарського препарату.

I. Active Vocabulary

1.Translate into English

Застереження-…………………………………………

Вагітність………………………………………………

виключно для зовнішнього застосування-……………………………………..

flammable – легкозаймистий-……………………………………..

взаємодія з іншими лікам-………………………………..

складові-…………………………………..

бажана й небажана дія-……………………………………

властивост-……………………………………….

Дозування-…………………………………………

із сухою речовиною-………………………………………..

на 1 кг маси тіла-……………………………………….

Застосування-…………………………………….

спосіб застосування-……………………………….

Жувати-………………………………….

Ковтати-………………………………

в/венно-………………………………

в/м'язово-………………………………………….

Струсит-………………………………..

для внутрішнього вживання-…………………………………………….

для місцевого застосування-……………………………………..

2.Here is a matrix. Tick the table cells corresponding to things that most typically go together.

	Precau­tions	Dosage	Indica- ­tions	Side-effect	Shelf life	Storage condition	Mode of use
swallow
i.m. (i.v.)
in a cold place
pneumonia
rash
pregnancy
headache
vomiting
shake
orally
before (after, during) meals
3 times a day
reduces fever
bleeding
should be taken
consult a doctor
intolerance
out of reach of children
expiry date

3. What word/word combinations correspond to the ones in the right соlumn?

1. indication a. intramuscularly

2. side effect b. headache

3. allergic reaction c. two years

4. shelf life d. keep away from heat

5. storage condition e. nausea, vomiting

6. mode of use f. rash

7. dosage g. chew

8. administration h. per kg of body weight

III Writing

1. Write an essay on the topic : Medication Summary Structure.

2. To combine words into sentences.

1) is ,effective, for, septozyl, cream, topical, use, in, skin, diseases.

2) This, tolerated, available, in, a, specially, by, the, skin, composition, is formulated, base, which, is, excellently.

3) Eczema, including, infantile, of, varying, type, and, localization, eczema.

3. Insert the missing words:

dermatitis, sunburn, sulfate, second, neomycin should, excellently.

Cream with Neomycin

Topical corticoid for use in skin diseases

Composition

Each one gram of cream contains:

5 mg Neomycin sulfate

1 mg 9a-fiuoro-16a-methylprednisolon

Septozyl cream is effective for topical use in skin diseases. The first active substance — a synthetic corticoid ester — has an anti-inflammatory and anti-aller¬gic action, and the ………………… component Neomycin ……………………… has antibacterial activity. This composition is available in a specially formulated base, which is …………………………. tolerated by the skin. Septozyl cream is suitable for use in adults and children.

Indications

Eczema of varying type and localization, including infantile eczema. Vari¬ous forms of ………………………,…………………., otitis externa, intertrigo and napkin rash. Vari¬ous forms of neurodermatitis. Skin diseases especially psoriasis, lichen planus and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Itching of the pudenda and anus.

Application and dosage

Septozyl should be applied to the skin in a thin film several times daily. In some cases, one application a day will prove sufficient. After the skin has healed, Septozyl with ……………………………. be applied one time daily for a further 1—2 weeks in order to prevent any recurrence of the disease.

Read the dialogue. Ans translait it.

Pharmacist: Hi. Are you Susan Wiison? Patient: Yes, I am.

Pharmacist: How are you today? My name is Lucas Page and I'm the pharmacist on duty in the clinic today. I'm here to talk to you about the medication Dr. Lena Kasporova has prescribed. She has prescribed Setaseron. Do you know why you need to take Betaseron?

Patient: Well, I've been diagnosed with MS. Dr. Kasporova said I have relapsing multiple sclerosis and that I'm in the early stages of MS.

Pharmacist: That's right Betaseron will not cure your MS, but it will help to reduce the number of flare-ups and the attacks that make you weak. The medication will slow down the disease. Patient: My doctor said that it's interferon.

Pharmacist: Yes, it's the same as interferon, which is a protein that your body produces naturally. This protein helps the body's immune system, if you have MS, adding more interferon may help your body to fight the effects of MS. Did your doctor tell you that you need to inject the interferon? Patient: Yes.

Pharmacist: Okay, now, before we go on f just need to ask you a few questions. Is your birth date May 21, 1964, and are you 44? Patient: Yes.

Pharmacist: Your chart states that you're allergic to penicillin and wasps. Anything else?

Patient: No, I don't think so.

Pharmacist: Do you think you might be pregnant?

Patient: No, I'm not pregnant.

Pharmacist: I also see that you have a history of migraine headaches. Can you tell me more about that?

Patient: Well, I don't get them anymore like I used to. The last time 1 was on medication was 10 years ago. 1 think it was a beta-blocker. Now 1 know how to manage them. I know when it's coming. I get nauseous and I'm sensitive to light and noise. 1 just go to bed in the dark and put an ice pack on my neck and on my forehead until it passes.

Pharmacist: Are you currently working?

Patient: Yeah, I'm a freelance writer, so I work from home most of the time. I make my own schedule. And since I don't have any children yet,»have great flexibility.

Pharmacist: That's good. Okay, now back to Betaseron. I will show you how to use it You're going to inject

this medication under your skin.

Patient: What part of my body should 1 inject?

Pharmacist: You can inject the dose in your abdomen, your buttocks, your upper arms, or your thighs, it's a good idea to change the site of each injection to avoid any skin problems in that one area. And don't inject in the area where skin is infected, sore, or irritated.

Patient: How often do 1 inject?

Pharmacist: You're going to do this every other day. It's better if you do this at night before you go to bed. This will help to reduce the side effects.

Patient: What are the side effects? Is this going to make me feel worse?

Pharmacist: Well, it's not uncommon for patients to feel like they're getting the fiu. It's possible to get a headache, feel tired, get a fever and chills, and have achy muscles the first time you inject the medication. You'll start feeling like this about a day after, but these symptoms will improve and eventually go away the more you use the medication. To help reduce these symptoms, also take Tylenol or Motrin before each dose.

Patient: It doesn't sound like much fun. Any other side effects I should worry about?

Pharmacist: Well, it's not unusual to feel pain and swelling in the injection area. You might experience some

abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea. But if you find that you're either too cold or too hot, or really

tired, or see a change in weight, tell your doctor. And if you get a skin rash, itching, or swelling and have

problems breathing, get medical help immediately. I'll give you a complete pamphlet with more detailed side

effects and what you need to know about the medication.

Patient: There's more? What else do I need to know?

Pharmacist: Well, if you miss a dose, try to take it as soon as you remember and call your doctor to establish a new schedule. Do not double up the dose to catch up, and do not inject yourself 2 days in a row. And make sure not to shake the vial. If you can see particles in the liquid or if it looks discolored, don't use it Let us or your retail pharmacist know.

Patient: Wow. I'll try to remember all of that It's no fun having MS.

Pharmacist: Well, it's important to take care of yourself. Make sure you get plenty of sleep. And don't stop exercising if you're already doing so. And swimming is also good for MS patients who are bothered by heat. Patient: Yeah. I don't like hot showers or baths.

Pharmacist: Some patients who are bothered by warmth and heat usually have their air conditioning on year round. And it's very important to do tiie normal activities that you do and to continue to do the things that you like to do. And it's a good idea to join a support group. We have an MS support group in the hospital.

Самостійна робота

PANADOL EXTRA SOLUBLE TABLETS

Description

Panadol Extra Soluble contains an additional ingredient to provide extra relief from pain and is based on paracetamol which is gentle on the stomach. This special Panadol Extra Soluble tablets formulation is absorbed into the bloodstream faster than conventional tablets to provide fast and effective pain relief.

Each effervescent tablet contains Paracetamol Ph.Eur. 500 mg and Caffeine Ph.Eur. 65 mg.

Indications

Panadol Extra Soluble is suitable for headache, migraine, backache, rheumatic and muscle pains, neuralgia, toothache and period pains. Panadol Extra Soluble also relieves discomfort in colds, influenza, sore throats and helps to reduce tempe¬rature. Panadol Extra Soluble contains no aspirin.

Dosage

Adults: 2 tablets dissolved in at least half a tumblerful of water up to 4 times daily.

a) Dose should not be repeated more frequently than every four hours.

b) No more than eight tablets should be given in 24 hours.

c) Panadol Extra Soluble should only be given to children under 12 years of

age on medical advice.

Cautionary notes

Do not exceed the stated dose. If symptoms persist, consult your doctor. Avoid drinking too much tea or coffee while taking this product. For professional advice on medicines consult your pharmacist.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store below 30°C.

Answer the questions.

1.What do Panadol Extra Soluble Tablets provide?

2.What is the difference between Panadol Extra Soluble Tablets and conven¬tional tablets?

3.What do you know about the ingredients of this medicine?

4.What are the indications of Panadol Extra Soluble Tablets?

5.What is the dose for adults?

6.Can we give Panadol Extra Soluble to children?

7.What should you do if the symptoms persist?

Хімія