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XI. Read and translate the text:

ENGLISH AS A MEANS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION

English is the national language in such countries as Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. It is the mother tongue of nearly three hundred million people. Many people speak English in Japan, China, India and African countries. But many more use it as an international means of communication, because English has become a truly international language.

Science, trade, sport and International relations of vari­ous kinds have given the English language the status of one of the world's most important languages. Many scien­tific and technical journals arc written in English although they are not necessarily published in England or other English-speaking countries. At numerous International meetings and conferences, English is the main language. The Olympic Games and other multinational sports events cannot do without it.

The role English plays today is the result of historical processes. The English language, in the course of its historical development, has met with so many Influences from abroad that its lexical and grammatical structure has come to reflect in many ways its international use.

English is a language which is indeed able to cope with the most diverse tasks of international communication.

XIV. Read aloud and ask questions on the text:

Technical English is often said to be difficult to under­stand. One of the reasons for this is that many English words can have several meaning.

In order to master technical English the student must first acquire a thorough knowledge of everyday English with Its grammar, vocabulary and rules of word-forma­tion. Then it will be easy for him to learn, step by step, the peculiarities of technical English.

The problem of vocabulary also causes difficulty to the reader of technical English. Each branch of science and technology has its own separate vocabulary.

Ability to translate a foreign technical text demands sufficient technical knowledge to understand it and also a great linguistic knowledge and skill.

XV. Ask as many questions on the text as possible:

HOW TO USE A DICTIONARY

There are many good English dictionaries. A good dic­tionary. If correctly used, will yield a wraith of information.

When translating, you may find the following suggestions useful:

  • Carefully read the text to be translated.

  • Reread the text and underline unfamiliar words.

  • Make a rough translation.

  • Look up any unfamiliar words and phrases.

  • Remember that the text form of a doubtful ward may have to be "converted" into the dictionary form. Small dictionaries exclude certain kinds of words and you need some knowledge of word-formation in the foreign language.

Good luck in studying English!

XVI. Learn the poem by heart:

SIX SERVING MEN

Rudyard Kipling

I have six honest serving men.

They taught me all I knew

Their names are What and Why and When

and How and There and Who

I send them over land and sea

I send them East and West

But after they have worked for me

I give them all a rest.

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

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