Table of contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………4

1 Literary review and analysis of development …………………………………….6

2 Agrotechnical requirements …………………………………………………..9

3 The reasons of the choice of the designed car ……………………………………10

4 Description of a design ………………………………………………………….10

5 Technological calculations ……………………………………………………13

5.1 Calculation of parameters of paws………………………………………….13

5.2 Justification of the scheme of arrangement of paws on a frame…………….19

5.3 Calculation of the common traction resistance of a cultivator……………..20

6 Design calculations ……………………………………………………..20

6.1 Strength calculation on a cultivator rack bend …………………………21

6.2 Calculation on spring durability at torsion ……………………………..22

7 Principal specification of a cultivator of KCT-3,8…………………………22

8 Action for the safe organization of field works …………………….23

9 Safety measures at operation of soil-cultivating units …….….24

10 Main adjustments of a cultivator ………………………………………..25

Сonclusion ………………………………………………………………………25

Вibliography ……………………………………………………………………..26

Introduction.

Agriculture — the most ancient occupation of mankind. The related instruments of labor have centuries-old history of development and perfecting. Object of agriculture is the soil.

The soil — the surface layer of sushi of crust having fertility. The soil the main means of production in agriculture.

The soil is exposed to machining. A main objective of machining of the soil — creation of optimum conditions for body height and development of cultural plants and increase in its fertility. In the course of machining of the soil the action of the car or tool (a plow housing, a disk or tooth of a harrow, a cultivator paw, etc.), influences the soil therefore changes its properties and a state.

Productivity of crops in many respects depends on a way and quality of mekhanikchesky processing of the soil, one of the main pokazaktel of which — extent of dyeing. At an ispolzokvaniya of plows and blade cultivators it changes from 35 to 70%. However, the probability of obtaining neobkhodikmy value (80%) does not exceed 20,4% because of the considerable variation of physicomechanical properties of the soil. The second important index physical a soil sostoyakniya — density, best value koktory for the processed chernozem layer in district windows of cultivation of winter and spring-sown field sostavklyat 1,1... 1,2 g/cm3. Excess of this value or excessive friability leads to decrease in an urozhayknost of grain crops. Very important under each culture to create the optimum density of the soil for smaller number of passes of the unit. Each poslekduyushchy dyeing of soil lumps is bound to increase in energy consumption at processing. They opkredelyatsya mainly by a type of breaking strains which in turn depends on geometrical and technological parameters, a kinekmatika of actions and physicomechanical properties of the soil. Because of their vacillation the same tools when processing eld various result: in one case exit pupils correspond to the required indicators of quality, in another - No.

The used soil-cultivating tools with passive actions have ogranichenkny opportunities of adjustment of technological pakrametr taking into account change of working conditions and a sokstoyaniye of the soil. In use tools change only of working speed and depth of an obkrabotka it is slightly possible to affect on indicators of a pochvoobrabotka.

In a zakvisimost from a reference state of the soil it is necessary to develop the actions having an opportunity to change the technological and geometrikchesky parameters for achievement of its necessary quality, that is they have to be adapktiruyemy that allows to operate technological processing of the soil quickly. For this pur pose actions equip with the supplementary equipments allowing to change their tekhknologichesky and geometrical parameters. They dolkzhna to change the provision of optimum addition of an arable layer, rather osnovkny for receiving, taking into account a reference state of the soil (a vlazhknost, density, a zadernennost, etc.). Tools with such of a rabochikma bodies will allow to operate quickly quality of processing of a pochkva by change of degree of their vozkdeystviye on layer, character of a deforkmation or trajectories of driving of particles.