2 Виды деловых бумаг
Согласно классификации Лозинской Р.Г. выделены несколько видов деловых бумаг:
Личные документы
Заявление
Доверенность
Автобиография
Жалоба. Основные положения
Жалоба. Структура текста
Резюме
Служебная характеристика
Административно-организационные документы
Положение, правило, инструкция
Контракт, договор
Оформление договора
Договор: дополнительные материалы
Распорядительные документы
Виды распорядительных документов
Приказ. Общие правила оформления
Приказ. Оформление: заголовок и текст
Выписка из приказа
Распоряжение
Указание
Информационно-справочные документы
Справка
Докладная записка
Объяснительная записка
Служебная записка
Акт
Деловые письма
Классификация
3 Особенности официально-делового стиля
К особенностям официально-делового стиля английского языка можно отнести:
традиционность выражения;
отсутствие эмоциональности;
закодированный характер языковой системы (включая сокращения);
общий синтаксический способ объединения нескольких фраз в одно предложение [Арнольд, 1991].
Одна из самых поразительных особенностей этого стиля - использование слов в их истинном словарном значении. Не существует возможности для контекстных значений или для одновременной реализации двух значений. Слов с эмоциональными значениями не должно быть в документе.
Каждый тип деловых документов имеет собственный набор фраз и клише, которые могут казаться странными в разговорном английском языке, например e.g. invoice, book value, currency clause, promissory note, assets (выставлять счет, стоимость основного капитала, пункт валюты, обязательства по векселю, активы, и т.д.)
В словаре официально-делового стиля много слов французского, латинского и греческого происхождения. Они часто переводятся на неофициальный язык с помощью замены слов или фраз англосаксонского происхождения.
Например,
Официальный стиль - Formal style
commence (начинать)
conclude (закончить, подытожить)
Неофициальный стиль - Informal style
begin, start (начать, начало)
end, finish, stop (конец, останавливаться)
Часть 2 Тексты для разбора
Задание: Определите, к какому функциональному стилю и его разновидности относятся данные тексты. Проанализируйте тексты.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/348420/description/News_in_Brief_Synthetic_nanomaterial_can_recognize_viruses
News in Brief: Synthetic nanomaterial can recognize viruses
New method may have advantages over antibody-based technologies
By Puneet Kollipara Web edition: February 20, 2013
New method may have advantages over antibody-based technologies
By Puneet Kollipara
Web edition: February 20, 2013
Nanoparticle power
Researchers have created nanoparticles (blue) that can detect a plant virus with a common form (imprint shown in pink) and distinguish it from similar types.
Credit: Alessandro Cumbo and Martin Oeggerli
A new synthetic nanomaterial can identify a common type of virus and distinguish it from lookalikes. The method holds promise for diagnostics, environmental monitoring and potentially some therapies, an international team of researchers reports February 19 in Nature Communications.
Current methods to identify viruses do so using natural molecules such as antibodies, which can be expensive and unstable. Synthetic nanomaterials could be more stable and cheaper if they can be designed to recognize and bind viruses as effectively as antibodies do.
Patrick Shahgaldian at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland and colleagues bound several turnip yellow mosaic viruses — plant viruses with a common shape — to the surface of silica nanoparticles. Then the team grew a layer of organosilanes — molecules containing carbon-silicon bonds — that surrounded the viruses.
After the researchers detached the viruses, the organosilane layer had imprints that not only matched the viruses’ shape but also were able to recognize them chemically. The nanoparticles successfully bound the template viruses while largely ignoring another similarly shaped one.
Researchers are close to using the method on other viruses with shapes similar to that of the turnip yellow mosaic virus, and they hope to study human viruses, Shahgaldian says.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/349050/description/Cell_phone_data_analysis_dials_in_crime_networks
Cell phone data analysis dials in crime networks
New program mines mobile provider records for incriminating patterns
By Rachel Ehrenberg
Web edition: March 19, 2013 Print edition: April 20, 2013; Vol.183 #8 (p. 15)
New program mines mobile provider records for incriminating patterns
By Rachel Ehrenberg
Web edition: March 19, 2013 Print edition: April 20, 2013; Vol.183 #8 (p. 15)
Sometimes not picking up the phone can be as incriminating as spilling the beans on a wiretapped call. After a recent string of robberies in Italy, a new forensic tool that makes it easy to explore reams of cell phone data revealed an incriminating pattern: Leading up to and after each robbery, there were flurries of calls between members of a gang suspected in a series of gun thefts, car thefts and supermarket stickups. But in the end, it was silence that betrayed the gang: There were no calls during the minutes when the crimes were being committed.
The new data analysis tool called LogAnalysis makes it especially easy to visualize the relationships among conspiring suspects as revealed by their phone calls. Developed by scientists at the University of Messina in Italy, the program takes algorithms that researchers typically use to investigate relationships among organisms in an ecosystem or the flow of information in a friendship network, and brings that math together in a manner tweaked specifically for investigating crime. Described in a paper posted March 7 at arXiv.org, LogAnalysis is being tested with some criminal cases in Italy, although the researchers will divulge little about the real world cases.
To begin, investigators import all the call data into the program, which transforms the information into a diagram of people connected by phone calls. There are features that make it easy to see who called whom the most and to identify clans and go-betweens. Investigators can also trim people and calls out of the visualized network when deemed irrelevant to a case.
But it was a temporal analysis feature that helped alert investigators to the supermarket holdup crew’s nefarious doings, says police detective and study coauthor Salvatore Catanese. The gang was in rapid communication leading up to a particular heist, and those calls all mapped to one cell station in the store’s neighborhood. There was also a burst of calls after the robbery. But all was silent during the deed.
The temporal analysis feature is quite clever, says Pål Roe Sundsøy, a complex systems research and data scientist at the Norway-based communications company Telenor. But he notes that in today’s wired age, cell phone records might tell only part of the story. “Smart criminals will have more ways to communicate — Skype, Facebook. These data would not be captured.”
The Development of the Brain (an extract)
The Proliferation and Migration of Neural Cells I noted above that nerve cells proliferate abundantly and rapidly during neural development. Proliferation begins upon closure of the neural tube and takes place mainly along the inner surface of the neural tube—an area called the germinal zone. Initially, the neural tube consists of a single layer of cells, but it rapidly becomes many cells thick, growing from the inside out. Along the inner germinal zone, dividing cells undergo characteristic movements, as shown in Figure 17.2. The dividing cell is bipolar in shape and initially its processes reach both surfaces of the neural tube. DNA is synthesized while the nucleus of the cell is deep in the tube, away from the inner surface. The nucleus then migrates to the tube's inner surface, the distal process of the cell withdraws, and the cell rounds up and divides. After cell division the two daughter cells extend new processes distally, the nuclei migrate deeper into the tube, and the process repeats itself.
After the cells divide several times, most of them appear to lose the ability to replicate their DNA. At this point, they migrate away from the germinal zone and form a distinct cellular layer distally. The cells in this intermediate layer are mainly young neurons that never will divide again. Furthermore, most of them are now specified. That is, where they will reside in the brain is now established—and sometimes even their synaptic connections have been determined. Some cells that migrate from the germinal zone in certain brain regions do retain the ability to divide, and they form important brain structures, including the basal ganglia and other deep nuclei of the forebrain. Certain cerebellar cells also proliferate after they migrate away from the germinal zone, and neural crest cells divide mainly after they have migrated to their final destination. In a few special situations, germinal cells remain in the adult brain and continue to divide. An example is the retina of some fishes, which adds neurons during the animal's life. But this is quite exceptional; in most species, especially mammals, no new neurons are produced in the adult.
From the intermediate zone the young neurons undergo a further migration to take up their final positions. How this happens varies somewhat from brain region to brain region. In many parts of the brain, the cell bodies of specialized glial cells lie in the germinal zone but their distal processes extend to the brain surface. These cells, called radial glial cells, are present early in development and persist until after neuronal migration is completed. It is believed that the neurons migrate along the glial cells, and substantial evidence in favor of this proposal has been presented. In electron micrographs, the migrating neurons are inevitably found associated with these glial cells, and in tissue culture neurons migrate along radial glial cells. In addition, Richard Sid-man and Pasko Rakic of the Harvard Medical School have shown that in mice with a genetic defect affecting the cetebellum, the radial glial cells degenerate early, and consequently certain cerebellar cells undergo disruptions in their migration
The migration of cells in the developing brain differs among brain structures. In the cortex the first neurons to complete cell division and to migrate form the deepest cortical cell layer (layer 6), whereas cells that proliferate and migrate later form the more superficial cortical cell layers (layers 2-5). In the retina the opposite is observed. The first cells generated (the ganglion cells) migrate to the opposite side of the retina, while cells that are generated later form the retina's middle layers.
Figure 17.4 shows schematically the development of the cortex. Initially the neural tube giving rise to the cortex is a few cells thick and consists mainly of a germinal zone (A). As the cells proliferate, some stop dividing and migrate to the intermediate zone (B). From there they migrate radially to the more superficial layers (C). As noted, however, the first cells to migrate and differentiate form deepest cortical layer, and cells migrating later form the superficial layers. The younger cells therefore migrate pas older cells to assume their final positions (D). Given this sequence of events, it is evident that the prominent feature of cortical structure(and that of other brain regions) —namely, a radial or columnar organization superimposed on horizontally arranged cellular layers —can be explained by developmental mechanisms.
Gone with the Wind
by M.Mitchel, Ch. VI. (an extract)
Scarlett giggled as she saw three men dragged out of the line of her charms to investigate landmarks familiar to the girls from childhood, and cut her eye sharply to see if Ashley had taken note. But he was playing with the ends of Melanie’s sash and smiling up at her. Pain twisted Scarlett’s heart. She felt that she could claw Melanie’s ivory skin till the blood ran and take pleasure in doing it.
As her eyes wandered from Melanie, she caught the gaze of Rhett Butler, who was not mixing with the crowd but standing apart talking to John Wilkes. He had been watching her and when she looked at him he laughed outright. Scarlett had an uneasy feeling that this man who was not received was the only one present who knew what lay behind her wild gaiety and that it was affording him sardonic amusement. She could have clawed him with pleasure too.
“If I can just live through this barbecue till this afternoon,” she thought, “all the girls will go upstairs to take naps to be fresh for tonight and I’ll stay downstairs and get to talk to Ashley. Surely he must have noticed how popular I am.” She soothed her heart with another hope: “Of course, he has to be attentive to Melanie because, after all, she is his cousin and she isn’t popular at all, and if he didn’t look out for her she’d just be a wallflower.”
She took new courage at this thought and redoubled her efforts in the direction of Charles, whose brown eyes glowed down eagerly at her. It was a wonderful day for Charles, a dream day, and he had fallen in love with Scarlett with no effort at all. Before this new emotion, Honey receded into a dim haze. Honey was a shrillvoiced sparrow and Scarlett a gleaming hummingbird. She teased him and favored him and asked him questions and answered them herself, so that he appeared very clever without having to say a word. The other boys were puzzled and annoyed by her obvious interest in him, for they knew Charles was too shy to hitch two consecutive words together, and politeness was being severely strained to conceal their growing rage. Everyone was smoldering, and it would have been a positive triumph for Scarlett, except for Ashley.
When the last forkful of pork and chicken and mutton had been eaten, Scarlett hoped the time had come when India would rise and suggest that the ladies retire to the house. It was two o’clock and the sun was warm overhead, but India, wearied with the three day preparations for the barbecue, was only too glad to remain sitting beneath the arbor, shouting remarks to a deaf old gentleman from Fayetteville.
A lazy somnolence descended on the crowd. The negroes idled about, clearing the long tables on which the food had been laid. The laughter and talking became less animated and groups here and there fell silent. All were waiting for their hostess to signal the end of the morning’s festivities. Palmetto fans were wagging more slowly, and several gentlemen were nodding from the heat and overloaded stomachs. The barbecue was over and all were content to take their ease while sun was at its height.
In this interval between the morning party and the evening’s ball, they seemed a placid, peaceful lot. Only the young men retained the restless energy which had filled the whole throng a short while before. Moving from group to group, drawling in their soft voices, they were as handsome as blooded stallions and as dangerous. The languor of midday had taken hold of the gathering, but underneath lurked tempers that could rise to killing heights in a second and flare out as quickly. Men and women, they were beautiful and wild, all a little violent under their pleasant ways and only a little tamed.
Some time dragged by while the sun grew hotter, and Scarlett and others looked again toward India. Conversation was dying out when, in the lull, everyone in the grove heard Gerald’s voice raised in furious accents. Standing some little distance away from the barbecue tables, he was at the peak of an argument with John Wilkes.
http://www.prinfluences.com
Marketing: Boomer Women offer opportunities
for targeted and creative PR
By Grant Common (Sydney) Published 2007
Public relations is a key marketing tool that performs best when it is targeted at a group with a clear demographic or psychographic profile. Boomer women - especially those in their 50's - is one such market segment.
Boomer women today are different to previous generations of middle aged women. They have often worked, many are still working, and they have generally been more independent than previous generations. They have: money to spend, make most of the buying decisions, and they live longer than their husbands.
So who are the boomers? Officially the Boomer by definition was born between 1946 - 1964 (ages 43 - 61). But most marketers tend to concentrate on Boomers between the ages of 50 and 60 because their values and behaviour are much more uniform.
For women in their mid 50s, it can be a time of reawakening. With more time to spare, women in this age group are starting for focus on themselves again. Increasingly today’s 50 year old thinks of herself as being like the 35 year old of yesteryear. (1015 п.зн.)
So what are some of the characteristics that make Boomer women receptive to public relations activities?
They tend to be suspicious of advertising and 'hard sell' and very skeptical of the traditional marketing tactics employed when they were growing up in the 60's and 70's.
They often seek, and soak up, information. They often want to feel that they are doing the research and applying their life experience and knowledge in deciding what’s right for them.
Healthcare, wellbeing and personal presentation are BIG on their agenda.
They tend to want engagement with brands. 'Trend-watcher' Faith Popcorn is reported as saying that Boomer women do not buy brands so much as join them.
A survey in the US in 2005 sponsored by Merrill Lynch found that Boomers were three times more worried about developing a major illness than dying.
PR tactics that resonate well with Boomer women include:
Media placements across the whole spectrum of traditional media - especially print and television.
Use of third party endorsers and 'experts' - but ideally people with scientific qualifications or role models that they can relate to as being genuine rather than 'personalities' that so influence younger age groups.
Educational seminars, events and other activities that provide the opportunity for them to feel they are learning and making their own evaluation
Provision of information-rich sources, which again allow Boomers to make their own evaluation. Traditionally this was in print, but increasingly content-rich websites (but with ?real? information not advertising and imagery) are becoming influential.
Creating on-line communities that give Boomers the chance to engage with others and share experiences.
Boomer women see themselves as 'market savvy' and 'experienced' in the ways of the marketing world. They often feel they have 'seen everything' and that gives them a feeling that they can spot something false from a long way off.
Marketers need to be extremely careful in how they target and approach Boomer women as they are among the most suspicious of market segments - and they are easily offended. In fact they are very conscious of how they are seen by others in society as illustrated by research done by Unilever, well known for its "get Real'" campaigns.
In their research report 'Beyond Stereotypes: Rebuilding the Foundation of Beauty Beliefs' Unilever found that: 94 per cent of mature women believe society should change its attitude to ageing.
Nearly 90 per cent of mature women think the media needs to provide a more accurate representation of their age group.
Pharmaceutical marketers, and especially those who produce and sell complementary medicines (where there are fewer regulatory restrictions), have a huge potential market with Boomer women.
But equally, marketers of products as diverse as travel, home improvements and motor vehicles also need to think outside the square and begin engaging with, rather than simply selling to, boomer women. One of the prime ways to do this is through using public relations strategies, techniques and tools.
OPTICAL FIBRE GAS SENSORS
(REVIEW PAPER)
Dr J P Dakin, Optoelectronics Research Centre,
University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
Abstract
This review describes the evolution of optical fibre gas sensors, which are intended for the remote and passive detection of gases and vapours. Emphasis is placed on the detection of flammable gases, in general, and of methane in particular. This emphasis is to reflect the importance of explosion hazards in many industrial environments, particularly those that can arise from naturally occurring methane gas. Clearly, many of the techniques described are also relevant to detection of a wide range of other gases. This paper is an update of an earlier conference review by the same author, (ref 1), which was first published several years ago.
Introduction
The spectroscopic sensing of chemical species is not a new technique. Most analytical chemistry laboratories possess several spectrophotometers. These are used for the recognition of a wide range of chemical species from their characteristic absorption, fluorescence or Raman-scattering spectra. Optical gas sensing methods are essentially similar, but usually are more dedicated versions of such spectrometers.
The most common method is detection is that of spectral transmission analysis. This can be employed in two principal regions of the optical spectrum . The shorter region, from 250 ---> 500 nm (ie the UV ---> visible blue region) is generally used to detect absorption or emission lines which arise from electronic transitions within the atoms and molecules concerned. (The process of absorption,involves an increase in the energy of the electron, and emission a decrease.) This is a very useful region of the spectrum for sensing energetic changes that can occur within atoms or molecules of a large number of gaseous species. Unfortunately, it is far less useful for gas sensing over long lengths of optical fibres, because of the much higher attenuation of silica fibres in this spectral region.
The longer wavelength region covers the near and mid-infra-red bands of the spectrum, a region where the vibrational and rotational absorptions of materials are more significant, yet the higher absorption region of silica (that occurs in the mid-I.R) is avoided.
In both vibrational and rotational absorption processes, the loss in photon energy contributes to the kinetic energy of the absorbing molecules, with either individual atoms being caused to vibrate relative to other atoms in the molecule (vibrational absorption) or whole molecules to rotate (rotational absorption). Typically, a vibrational absorption "line" will generally have a degree of fine structure superimposed on it, corresponding to the usually-lower-energy transitions associated with the rotational energy steps. (All these levels are of course quantised, into discrete allowed steps, according to the usual laws of quantum mechanics.)
The other forms of spectrophotometric processes briefly referred to above, viz. Raman and fluorescent types, represent forms of inelastic-scattering of light, i.e. re-emission of light at a different wavelength to that incident on the material. The Raman process represents a form of scattering in which an incident photon may gain energy from (the Anti-Stokes Raman process), or donate energy to (the Stokes Raman process) a vibrational or rotational energy level. Such processes re-emit a photon of different energy, and hence one having a different frequency or optical wavelength. The process of fluorescence involves the absorption of a photon by the electronic transition and re-emission at a later time (from a few nanoseconds to a few milliseconds later. If it takes any longer time it is then usually termed phosphorescence, rather than fluorescence). This process generally occurs via a different transition of lower energy. Thus, unless another excitation mechanism (i.e. thermal, or the co-incident arrival of another incident photon) is involved, the fluorescent energy is re-emitted, almost invariably at a longer wavelength than that of the incident photon.
Most methods used for gas sensing have been based on simple absorption, although occasionally the use of Raman mechanisms has been suggested. Also, in some cases, fluorescence has been involved, albeit somewhat indirectly, in the detection method.
The main limitation imposed by the use of optical fibres is associated with, firstly, the restrictions imposed by the fibre transmission windows, and, secondly, by the very small acceptance aperture offered by an optical fibre when compared to a conventional optical measuring instrument. The low-loss fibre transmission windows are in three main areas, for the commonly used, low-cost silica-based fibres. The first window covers the region 700nm to 900nm (typical losses between 3 and 5 dB/km), the second 1050 to 1350nm (typical losses between 0.5 and 2dB/km) and the third 1450 to 1750nm (typical losses between 0.2 and 3dB/km). In low O-H fibres, the first two windows effectively merge into one broader window, as in such types the O-H absorption peak at 950nm is extremely low.
If the O-H content could be kept even lower than at present, all these windows would merge to give a very broad low loss window extending from 700nm to 1750nm. Fortunately, however, losses over the entire range from 400nm to 2100nm remain very moderate for short distance transmission (ie. over a few tens of metres of fibre). Unfortunately, none of these windows corresponds to any region of the spectrum where gas absorption is particularly high, as electronic absorptions usually occur in the UV and violet/blue regions of the spectrum, whereas most of the strong fundamental vibrational absorptions occur in the mid infra-red, ie. at 2700 nm or longer. Thus, if it is desired to use conventional silica-based fibre, then the weaker NIR absorption lines must be used. Then the use of long-path or multi-pass absorption cells is desirable, to achieve even a moderate contrast in the measurement, and a high quality opto-electronic system is necessary to reliably detect low levels of gases.
The other problem mentioned was the small acceptance aperture of the fibre. Although the small size of the fibre can be effectively enlarged, using a focussing lens, this results, of course, in an effective narrowing of the acceptance angle. The effective "throughput", T-P, of a step-index fibre, as defined by the approximate relation below, is unchanged:-
T-P. A. (N.A.)2
where A is the area of the fibre core and N.A. is the numerical aperture. At the launch end of the system, the throughput, T-P, represents the ratio of the power launched (from a source of emitting area greater than the fibre core area) into fully-guided modes of the fibre, when the latter is butted against the launch end of the fibre, to the on-axis radiance of the source. The value shown above is for step-index fibres, and the throughput has only half the above value for graded index fibres. This parameter is also a useful measure of the light collected by the fibre from diffusely-scattering systems such as Raman scatterers, a large-core, high N.A. , step-index fibre being generally more efficient at collecting light.
The power launched into the fibres from high-radiance LEDs is rarely above a few hundred microwatts, and the spectral radiance of incandescent filament lamps is usually at least an order of magnitude less. Thus well-designed, high-sensitivity, light-detection systems are required to produce practical sensors.
With laser sources there is no problem in achieving launch efficiencies of over 80% into multimode fibres, and the detection system constraints are eased substantially. However, laser sources can introduce so-called “modal noise”, an intensity noise arising from modal mixing. This is essentially similar to the well-known laser “speckle” effects. It occurs whenever a “speckled” intensity pattern from a fibre is incompletely captured by a subsequent fibre, coupler or detector system, giving the intensity variations whenever the fibre is gently deformed or perturbed. As gas sensing systems often operate with very low levels of absorption, even mild intensity changes of this nature can give serious noise, drift or systematic errors.
http://www.cimtecautomation.com/engineering-services/industrial-automation-engineering.htm Industrial automation engineering
Industrial automation services perfectly suited for your needs
Since 1987, CIMTEC has been the Southeast’s leading industrial automation engineering resource. You can count on our industry experts to deliver best-in-class service.
Whether you have an application issue or other challenge, with our expert industrial automation services, we can help you select and apply factory automation products to reduce risk and downtime and increase productivity. Our staff of automation engineers can even implement a complete system with our factory automation control products.
We offer a full suite of general engineering services, including diagnostic services, application design, startup assistance, training, and ongoing project management.
Diagnostic Services: Conducting system-level diagnostics is a best practice for understanding system-level performance. With our engineers’ extensive system development experience, our diagnostic approach includes system as well as individual and tandem component level analysis for supervisory control systems, machine control systems, and motion control systems. Some diagnostic services include manufacturing process audits, vision system audits, design strategy review and specific hardware and software audits.
Application Design: Our engineers, working with your team will define the application requirements and develop the automation design best suited to customer needs and in accordance with your company’s specifications. Our Project Proposal phase details CIMTEC's deliverables, including development specifications, definitions of the scope of work, and assignment of a dedicated Project Manager.
Startup Assistance: Our trained Product Specialists fully support our customers during setup and startup phases of our projects, including parameter configuration, software development, and system tests. With CIMTEC on your team, risk is minimized, success is assured, and satisfaction guaranteed.
Training: CIMTEC’s three-tiered training program, including classes at your facility, helps our clients in the application, setup and diagnostic phases. Our training program covers product features and benefits, parameter configuration and software development, and troubleshooting and diagnostics.
Project Management: Our dedicated Project Managers follow CIMTEC’s proven four-step project management process, which begins with project definition and design and continues through execution and delivery.
More than an industrial automation engineering provider, CIMTEC is a partner in your company's long-term success. The expertise of our staff has created a knowledge base and a level of service unmatched in the industrial automation market.
http://www.samplecontracts.org/international-trade-contract.html
Sample International Trade Contract:
This contract is entered on 10th November, 2010 between CNNG International Trade Co. hereafter referred to as the seller and GNPG PV-TECH Trade Co. Ltd. hereafter referred to as the buyer.
Both the parties agrees in trading transaction of following goods
Product Name: Mono crystalline Silicon
Trademark & Quality: According to standards of PV industry
Quantity: 650
Unit Price: 1290
Package: As per the standards
Shipment destination from Utah to Mexico by the November 2010- December 2010.
Payment terms: One partial payment prior to placing order and other half after the delivery.
Terms & Conditions:
If any problem is found with the product, CNNG International Trade Co. shall be liable for replacing them.
After placing an order of the goods, they shall be delivered timely, or else CNNG International Trade Co shall be charged $130 for per late deliveries.
Delivery destination; GNPG PV-TECH Trade Co. Ltd shall bear the freight charge as mentioned at the address stated in the contract.
There should be quality standard packaging and no callback.
Payment terms shall be furnished within 10 days of product delivery.
Any kind of dispute arising from this trade contract shall be settled through consultation of both the parties.
Hereafter, an International Trade contract can come into effect after signed & sealed by each party. The trade contract prints shall be accomplished and conveyed via telefax and shall be as lawful as original.
Party A: CNNG International Trade Co. Party B: GNPG PV-TECH Trade Co. Ltd.
Samples of business letters
http://www.4hb.com/letters/ltranncname.html
Announcement of Business Name Change
|
http://www.4hb.com/letters/ltrschedapt.html
Appointment for Employment Interview and Testing
|
http://lybio.net/barack-obama-weekly-address-we-will-not-be-terrorized/people/
Barack Obama Weekly Address
We Will Not Be Terrorized
Remarks of President Barack Obama
Weekly Address
The White House
December 5, 2015
[Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961)]
Hi, everybody. This weekend, our hearts are with the people of San Bernardino-another American community shattered by unspeakable violence. We salute the first responders-the police, the SWAT teams, the EMTs-who responded so quickly, with such courage, and saved lives. We pray for the injured as they fight to recover from their wounds.
Most of all, we stand with 14 families whose hearts are broken. We’re learning more about their loved ones-the men and women, the beautiful lives, that were lost. They were doing what so many of us do this time of year-enjoying the holidays. Celebrating with each other. Rejoicing in the bonds of friendship and community that bind us together, as Americans. Their deaths are an absolute tragedy, not just for San Bernardino, but for our country.
We’re also learning more about the killers. And we’re working to get a full picture of their motives-why they committed these revolting acts. It’s important to let the investigators do their job. We need to know all the facts. And at my direction, federal law enforcement is helping in every way that they can. We’re going to get to the bottom of this.
It is entirely possible that these two attackers were radicalized to commit this act of terror. And if so, it would underscore a threat we’ve been focused on for years-the danger of people succumbing to violent extremist ideologies. We know that ISIL and other terrorist groups are actively encouraging people-around the world and in our country-to commit terrible acts of violence, often times as lone wolf actors. And even as we work to prevent attacks, all of us-government, law enforcement, communities, faith leaders-need to work together to prevent people from falling victim to these hateful ideologies.
More broadly, this tragedy reminds us of our obligation to do everything in our power, together, to keep our communities safe. We know that the killers in San Bernardino used military-style assault weapons-weapons of war-to kill as many people as they could. It’s another tragic reminder that here in America it’s way too easy for dangerous people to get their hands on a gun.
For example, right now, people on the No-Fly list can walk into a store and buy a gun. That is insane. If you’re too dangerous to board a plane, you’re too dangerous, by definition, to buy a gun. And so I’m calling on Congress to close this loophole, now. We may not be able to prevent every tragedy, but-at a bare minimum-we shouldn’t be making it so easy for potential terrorists or criminals to get their hands on a gun that they could use against Americans.
Today in San Bernardino, investigators are searching for answers. Across our country, our law enforcement professionals are tireless. They’re working around the clock-as always-to protect our communities. As President, my highest priority is the security and safety of the American people. This is work that should unite us all-as Americans-so that we’re doing everything in our power to defend our country. That’s how we can honor the lives we lost in San Bernardino. That’s how we can send a message to all those who would try to hurt us. We are Americans. We will uphold our values-a free and open society. We are strong. And we are resilient. And we will not be terrorized.
http://language123.blogspot.ru/2008/04/money-is-root-of-all-evil.html
Tuesday, April 8, 2008
"Money
is the root of all evil"
Photo: Money is the root of all evil Photo source: divinedem.blogspot.com
Money is the instrument of exchange, helping in buying and selling and also in fixing a value on things and commodities. It may be in metal or in paper. With the market getting more and more complicated, there are other negotiable instruments which are as good as the minted coins or the printed notes. Money gives purchasing power but this power is not absolute as it is on various factors. In such a case it is termed currency and according to their purchasing power they are termed hard, soft and weak. Though coins and notes are issued by the Government of the country, there is a limit to their minting. Let us see why money is needed. It is simply because it helps the processor to buy things. The days of battering are gone though it is indirectly resorted to at international level. Money is helpful as a standard of price. Money helps the owner to have power not only in buying things but also in influencing many human activities. Money is used for good things such as using it to build a temple, a church or a museum. Great educational institutions can be built. Students can be helped by providing them with scholarships in furthering their studies. The Nobel Prize would not have been there but for the huge sum of money earned by Alfred Nobel. Money can buy men as it does things. Thus money plays an important role in fighting and winning elections. Money mars men’s and women’s morals. It is the evil influence in corrupting people. “Sell out” is the new term used for bribery. There are people who could do anything for the sake of money. Moneyed people can buy many things which the poor cannot do. With the power of money, individuals as well as states can dictate terms. The Middle East countries have found new wealth because of their oil deposits and they have become a very powerful group. This kind of power should not go to one’s head. One should remember that the money coming into him was by chance. He must not use it for evil purposes. But wherever there is evil there is usually money involved. Other motivating forces for evil action are jealousy, vengeance, hatred and so on. Money is normally the fruit of labour. The question is how one spends that money. Great thinkers have suggested that one who has money enough and enough to spare must look upon himself as the trustee of the money and see to it that it is spent in a wise and useful way. There is nothing good or evil about money. It depends on how one puts it to. The same money which could help bring relief to the suffering million, can be used to build up armaments. The hope of getting money spurs one into action. The power decides how to spend the money. Money can be used morally or immorally. A morally strong man may not use money in evil ways and vice versa.