LIST OF REFERENCES

A, amp. – ampere

ампер (ед. силы тока)

ABC plastics

пластмассы, состоящие из трех

мономерных химикатов: aкрилонитрила,

бутадиена и cтирола

abs. – absolute

абсолютный

– absolute value

абсолютное значение,

абсолютная величина

a.c. – alternating current

переменный ток

amp-hr – ampere-hour

ампер-час

anhyd. – anhydrous

безводный

a.p. – atmospheric pressure

атмосферное давление

approx. – approximately

приблизительно

at. – atomic

атомный

atm. – atmosphere

атмосфера

aq. – aqueous

водный

b.p. – boiling point

точка кипения

B.T.U. – British Thermal Unit

Британская тепловая единица

c.c. – cubic centimeter

кубический сантиметр

c.g. – centre of gravity

центр тяжести

cgs – centimeter-gram- second

cистема единиц сантиметр-грамм-

(system)

секунда (СГС)

cfm – cubic feet per minute

кубические футы в минуту

cfs – cubic feet per second

кубические футы в секунду

c.m. – cubic meter

кубический метр

cm – centimeter

сантиметр

coeff. – coefficient

коэффициент, константа

conc. – concentration

концентрация

– concentrated

концентрированный

const. – constant

константа, постоянная величина

crit. – critical

критический

cryst. – crystalline

кристаллический

cu ft – cubic foot

кубический фут

cu in – cubic inch

кубический дюйм

cu m or m3 – cubic meter

кубический метр

d, dia – diameter

диаметр

d. – decomposed

расщепленный, распавшийся

db – decibel

децибел

d.c. – direct current

постоянный ток, прямой ток

decomp. – decomposition

разложение

deg – degree

градус

C – degree Centigrade

градусы по шкале Цельсия

F – degree Fahrenheit

градусы по шкале Фаренгейта

K – degree Kelvin

градусы по шкале Кельвина

R – degree Reaumur

градусы по шкале Реомюра

dil. – dilute

разбавлять

dist. – distilled

перегнанный

doz – dozen

дюжина

e.m.f. – electromotive force

электродвижущая сила

eq., eqn. – equation

уравнение

eqv. – equivalent

эквивалент

expt. – experiment

эксперимент

eV – electron-volt

электронвольт

fig. – figure (diagram)

иллюстрация, рисунок, чертеж

f.p. – freezing point

точка (t°) замерзания, затвердевания,

кристаллизации

fpm – feet per minute

футы в минуту

fps – feet per second

футы в секунду

fps – foot-pound-second

система фут-фунт-сек.

(system)

f.s.d. – full-scale deflection

отклонение на полную шкалу

ft – foot, feet

фут (около 30.5 см)

ft-lb – foot-pound

футо-фунт

g – gram

грамм

gal – gallon

галлон (в Англии = 4,54 л, в США = 3,78 л)

G.L.C. – Gas Liquid

газожидкостная хромотография

Chromotography

gpm – gallon per minute

галлон в минуту

H – henry

генри

h., hr – hour

час

hp – horsepower

лошадиная сила (ед. мощности)

hyd. – hydrated

гидратированный, гидратный

i.c. – insoluble circuit

интегрирующая цепь

insol. – insoluble

нерастворимый

ips – inches per second

дюймов в секунду

IR – infra-red

инфра-красный

i.r. – insoluble residue

нерастворимый остаток

J – Joule

джоуль

kc – kilocycle

килогерц

kg – kilogram

килограмм

kg-m – kilogram-meter

килограммометр

kg/m3 – kilograms per cubic

килограмм на кубический метр

meter

km – kilometer

километр

kv – kilovolt

киловольт

kw – kilowatt

киловатт

kwhr – kilowatthour

киловатт-час

l – litre

литр

lb – pound

фунт

lb-ft – pound

фунто-фут

lb-in – pound

фунто-дюйм

liq. – liquid

жидкость; жидкий

m – meter

метр

M or mu – micron

микрон

M – mole per litre

концентрация в молях на литр

Ma – microampere

микроампер

ma – milliampere

миллиампер

max. – maximum

максимум

MeV – megaelectronvolt

мегаэлектронвольт

Mf – microfarad

микрофарада

mg – milligram

миллиграмм

min. – minimum

минимум

min – minute

минута

mm – millimeter

миллиметр

MMF – micromicrofarad

микромикрофарада

m.p. – melting point

точка (t°) плавления

mph – miles per hour

миль в час

mv – millivolt

милливольт

NMR – nuclear magnetic

ядерный магнитный резонанс(ЯМР)

resonance

NR – natural rubber

натуральный каучук

oz – ounce

унция

p.d. – potential difference

разность потенциалов

ppb – parts per billion

миллиардные доли/ частей на миллиард

ppm – parts per million

миллионные доли/ частей на миллион

ppt. – precipitate

осадок; осаждать

psi – pounds per square inch

давление в фунтах на квадратный дюйм

psf – pounds per square foot

фунты на квадратный фут

PVC – polyvinyl

chloride поливинилхлорид (ПВХ)

R.F. – radio frequency

высокая частота

r.a.m. – relative atomic mass

относительная атомная масса

r.d. – relative density

относительная влажность

r.h. – relative humidity

относительная влажность

r.m.m. – relative molecular ass

относительная молекулярная масса

r.m.s. – root-mean-square

среднее квадратичное

rps – revolutions per second

обороты в минуту

rps – revolutions per second

обороты в секунду

r.t. – room

temperature комнатная температура

SBR – butadiene-styrene rubber

бутадиен, стирольный каучук

sec – second

секунда

sol. – soluble

растворимый

soln. – solution

раствор

sp. – specific

специфический, конкретный,

точный, удельный

sq. – square

квадрат, площадь, прямоугольник

sq.ft. – square foot

квадратный фут

sq.in. – square inch

квадратный дюйм

s.t.p. – standard temperature

стандартные условия

and pressure

temp. – temperature

температура

u.v./ UV – ultra-violet

ультрафиолетовая область спектра,

ультрафиолет; ультрафиолетовый

v – volt; volume

вольт; том

vac. – vacuum

вакуум, разрежение; вакуумный

v.d. – vapour density

плотность пара

vis. – visible

видимый

vol. – volume

объем

V.R. – velocity ratio

коэффициент скорости

W – watt

ватт

wt. – weight

вес

yd – yard

ярд

yr – year

год

z. – zero

ноль

PREFIX

MEANING

EXAMPLES

ante-

before antedate

antedate

anti-

against, opposite

antipathy

auto-

self

autopilot

bi-

two, twice

bilingual

circum-

around

circumference

con-, co-, col-, com-

with, together

conflate

counter-

in opposition to

countermeasure

de-

down, reversing

decline

dis-

negative

discontinue

ex-, e-

out, from

extract

extra-

outside, beyond

extraordinary

hyper-

extremely

hyperactive

im-, in-

in, into

import

inter-

between, among

interaction

macro-

large

macroeconomics

mal-

bad, badly

malady

micro-

small

microcosm

mini-

little, small

miniscule

mis-

wrong, unfavourable

misinterpret

mono-

one, alone

monopoly

multi-

many

multinational

non-

no, not

non-existent

pan-

all, worldwide

pan-European

post-

behind, after

postgraduate

pre-, prim-

first, before predict

predict

pro-

for, before, in favour of

pro-education

re-

again, back repeating

repeating

semi-

half

semi-detached

sub-, sup-

under

subterranean

super-

larger, stronger

larger, stronger

supervision

trans-

across

transcontinental

tri-

three

triangulate

uni-

one, single

universal

un-, im-, in-, ir-

no, not, negative

unstable

ultra-

beyond, excessive

ultrasonic

vice-

deputy

vicechairman

SUFFIX

MEANING

EXAMPLES

-able, -ible

capable of being

predictable

-ance, -ence

state, condition, quality

independence

-ation, -tion

condition, the act of

segregation

-dom

state, condition, dignity,

freedom

office

-ee

the object or receiver of

addressee

action

-er, -ar, -or, -ist

someone who does a

geographer

particular thing

-ful

full of, characterised by

harmful

-ic, -ical

pertaining to

geographical

-ious, -ous

having a particular

mountainous

quality, full of

-ise, -ize

to give something a

modernize

particular quality

-ish

like, resembling

stylish

-ism

a political or religious

capitalism

belief system

-ist

someone who has a

socialist

political or religious

belief

-ity

a particular quality

volcanicity

-less

without, loose from

jobless

-ly

like, in a particular way

rapidly

-ness

state, condition, quality

steepness

-ship

condition, skill

leadership

character, office

LETTER

QUANTITY

A

area, mass number

a

acceleration

B

magnetic flux density

b

breadth

С

capacitance, heat capacity

с

specific heat capacity, velocity of e.m. waves in vacuum,

critical angle

d

relative density, thickness, distance apart

E

energy, electric field strength, electromotive force.

Ek

kinetic energy

Ep

potential energy

peak e.m.f.

E0

e

charge on electron (or proton), an electron

F

Faraday constant, force

f

frequency, focal length

G

free energy (“G ), conductance

g

acceleration due to gravity

H

magnetic field strength, magnetizing force, heat of reaction

(“H )

h

height

I

intensity of radiation, electric current.

Io

peak current

i

angle of incidence

k

a constant

L

self inductance, latent heat, Avogadro constant.

Lm

molar latent heat

l

length, specific latent heat

M

mutual inductance, molar solution

т

mass, electromagnetic moment, magnification

N

number of molecules, neutron number

Avogadro constant

NA

N

a number, refractive index, number of moles, a neutron

P

power

p

pressure, order of a spectrum, a proton

Q

electric charge

q

quantity of heat

R

resistance

anode slope resistance, molar gas constant

RA

r

angle of refraction, gas constant (nR), radius

s

distance along a path, slit separation

Т

period, thermodynamic (absolute) temperature, torque, tension,

turns ratio

t

time. t½ half-life

и

initial velocity, velocity of molecules, object distance

V

volume, electrical potential, potential difference

Vm

molar volume

V

velocity, image distance, velocity of sound

W

weight

w

work

X

reactance

Z

atomic number

z

charge on ion, electrochemical equivalent

α

an angle

an increment (finite)

ε

permittivity

η

efficiency

θ

temperature (Celsius), temperature difference, an angle, Bragg

angle

λ

wavelength, decay constant

µ

permeability, amplification factor

π

ratio of circumference to diameter of circle

ρ

density, resistivity

Φ

density, resistivity

φ

an angle

Jargon

Preferred

Jargon

Preferred

Usage

Usage

a majority of

most

it is suggested that

I think

a number of

many

it is worth pointing

note that

out

accounted for by the

because

it may be that

I think

fact

along the lines of

like

it may, however, be

be of the same opinion

agree

noted that

but

as a consequence of

because

lacked the ability to

couldn't

as a matter of fact

in fact

large in size

large

as is the case

as happens

of great theoretical

and

at an earlier date

previously

practical importance

useful

at the present time

now

on account of

because

based on the fact that

because

on behalf of

for

by means of

by, with

on the basis of

by

completely full

full

on the grounds that

since,

because

definitely proved

proved

on the part of

by, among,

for

despite the fact that

although

owing to the fact that

since,

because

due to the fact that

because

perform

do

during the course of

during, while

pooled together

pooled

end result

result

prior to

before

fabricate

make

quite unique

unique

fewer in number

fewer

rather interesting

interesting

first of all

first

red in color

red

for the purpose of

for

referred to as

called

for the reason that

since, because

relative to

about

give rise to

cause

smaller in size

smaller

has the capability of

can

subsequent to

after

in a number of cases

some

sufficient

enough

in a position to

can, may

take into

consider

consideration

in a satisfactory

satisfactorily

terminate

end

manner

in a very real sense

in a sense

the great majority of

most

in case

if

the opinion is

advanced

in close proximity

close, near

that

I think

in connection with

about,

the question as to

whether

concerning

whether

in order to

to

there is reason to

I think

believe

in relation to

toward, to

this result would

seem

in respect to

about

to indicate

this result

indicates

in some cases

sometimes

through the use of

by, with

in terms of

about

ultimate

last

in the event that

if

utilize

use

in the possession of

has, have

was the opinion that

believed

in view of

because, since

ways and means

ways, means

inasmuch as

for, as

(not both)

initiate

begin, start

we wish to thank

we thank

is defined as

is

whether or not

whether

it has been reported by

F reported

with a view to

to

F

it has long been

I haven't

with reference to

about

known

bothered

to look up the

with regard to

concerning,

reference

it is apparent that

apparently

about

it is believed that

I think

with respect to

about

it is clear that

clearly

with the possible

it is doubtful that

possibly

exception of

except

it is of interest to note

(leave out)

with the result that

so that

it is often the case that

often