Crime and punishment

Topical Vocabulary

A crime a crime scene

A criminal

To commit a crime to commit for trial привлекать к судебной ответственности, to commit a murder, to commit a suicide

Offence правонарушение, преступление offence against the law, to commit an offence, criminal offence уголовное преступление, first offence впервые совершённое преступление, minor offence мелкое правонарушение

Offender правонарушитель, преступник

To offend совершить проступок, правонарушение; to reoffend

Felony [ʹfeləni] уголовное преступление, тяжкое преступление, to commit a felony

A judge

Jury

Court , Supreme court, court trial, court case, court procedure, the arguments прения in court, in open court в открытом судебном заседании

Trial судебное следствие, судебное разбирательство, суд, слушание дела

To try 1. Допрашивать, расследовать

2. судить, привлекать к судебной ответственности to be tried for murder

A suspect [ʹsʌspekt] to arrest as a suspect арестовать по подозрению

To suspect [səsʹpekt] smb of

A convict [ʹkonvikt] осуждённый, заключённый

To convict [kənʹvikt] признать виновным, вынести приговор to be convicted of …

To acquit (of) оправдывать to be acquitted of the crime быть признанным невиновным в преступлении

Acquittal [əʹkwitl] оправдание (по суду)

A witness the witnesses of the accident, examination допрос of a witness, to hear/to examine a witness допрашивать свидетеля

To witness to witness an accident, to witness a will засвидетельствовать завещание, to witness for/against smb

Evidence 1. доказательства, улики; 2. показания свидетеля или обвиняемого documentary, oral, written, indirect evidence, to give evidence

To investigate to investigate a crime

Investigation следствие, расследование

Inquiry расследование police inquiry

To inquire into расследовать, разузнавать, выяснять

Guilty adj to be guilty of, to find smb guilty, to plead guilty/innocent, признавать себя виновным/ невиновным в предъявленном обвинении, to confess guilt, to deny guilt

Innocent adj innocence n

Sentence приговор, судебное решение, наказание nominal / suspended sentence условный,

Severe sentence, lenient [ʹ li:njənt] sentence мягкий, снисходительный (lenient punishment, a lenient judge), to get a life sentence, to receive a six months’ sentence, to serve a sentence отбывать наказание, to reverse/recall a sentence отменить наказание

To sentence приговаривать, осуждать, выносить судебное решение to sentence to death, to sentence to imprisonment

To be sentenced to

To charge обвинять, выдвигать или предъявлять обвинение

To be charged with to be charged with murder

Punishment capital/death punishment = death penalty, corporal/physical punishment

Prison (syn jail, US) to send smb to prison, to take in(to) prison, to commit to prison, to keep in prison

Prisoner

To imprison заключать в тюрьму, брать под стражу, лишать свободы

Imprisonment false imprisonment незаконное лишение свободы, содержание под стражей, imprisonment before trial предварительное заключение

To release освобождать, выпускать на волю to release a prisoner, to release on bail выпустить из тюрьмы под залог

Bail залог, поручительство to let to bail освободить из заключения под залог, to stand bail for smb внести залог

To bail брать на поруки, вносить залог to be bailed for trial быть освобождённым до суда под залог/поручительство

An alibi [ʹælibai] a dubious сомнительное, unquestioned бесспорное, faked сфабрикованное, admirable alibi; to prove/to have an alibi

A fine

Community service

To escape 1. совершить побег to escape from prison 2. Избежать, отделаться To escape the punishment

A ransom выкуп

A reward вознаграждение

A hostage [ʹhostiʤ] заложник

assassination	Убийство по политическим мотивам	Assassin(ator) Убийца общественного/политического деятеля	to assassinate
assault	Словесное оскорбление и угроза действием	Assaulter (лицо, оскорбившее к-л действием или угрожающее к-л физическим насилием)	to commit an assault upon smb
arson	поджог	arsonist	to set fire on
blackmail	шантаж	blackmailer	to blackmail
bribery	Взяточничество подкупность	briber bribe taker	to bribe to take bribes
burglary	Кража со взломом	burglar	to burgle
drug dealing	наркоторговля	drug dealer
drug addiction	наркомания	drug addict	to take drugs
forgery	Подделка (документов, денег)	forger	to forge
fraud	мошенничество		to commit fraud
hijacking	Воздушное пиратство	hijacker	hijack
kidnapping	Похищение людей	kidnapper	to kidnap
manslaughter	Непредумышленное убийство
mugging	Нападение с целью ограбления в общественном месте	mugger	to mug
murder	предумышленное убийство	murderer	to murder
parking illegally
rape	изнасилование	rapist	to rape, to commit a rape
robbery	Грабёж, разбой, кража	robber	to rob
speeding	Превышение скорости
smuggling	контрабанда	smuggler	to smuggle
swindling	Мошенничество надувательство	swindler	to swindle smth out of smb выманить, взять обманным путём
theft	кража	a thief/thieves	to steal (stole-stolen)
terrorism		terrorist
vandalism		vandal	to vandalise

1. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.He was sentenced to three years of imprisonment. 2. A dangerous criminal escaped from prison. 3. He escaped punishment. 4. She was on her trial for murder. 5. He was tried for theft. 6. He was tried and found guilty. 7. Do you plead guilty? – No, I plead innocent. 8. The suspects all had good alibis for the day of the robbery. 9. Mind that every error will be charged against you. 10. The passers-by witnessed the accident. 11. The prosecutor brought charge against a group of teenagers. 12. The hostages were released. 13. Justice is a necessary condition in taking decision in court. 14. She refused to give evidence against her friend. 15. She has three convictions for theft. 16. Let’s inquire into that matter a little more. 17. He was tried and convicted. 18. Two witnesses evidenced against him. 19. The suspect was charged with stealing money. 20. She witnessed to having seen the defendant near the scene of a crime. 21. The neighbours accused him of murder but he has never been charged with it. 22. The kidnappers have given him two days to pay the ransom. 23. Clever criminals do not rob banks, they do not steal people’s money, they do not rob people, they do not burgle houses, they do not even mug people, they simply rob other successful criminals. 24. A young man mugged me at the bus stop in broad daylight. He took my briefcase. 25. Many people agree that capital punishment should no longer exist. 26. He was accused of smuggling drugs.

2. Paraphrase the given words combinations and sentences so as to use the topical vocabulary.

1.To set free. 2. The plea (офиц. заявление) that the suspect was not in the place of the crime when it was committed. 3. A place in which justice is administered. 4. To bring an accusation against. 5. Testimony 6. To prove or declare guilty. 7. To enter a building or a vehicle by force. 8. To attack someone on the street or in a public place and take something from them, usually small amounts of money, jewellery, etc. It can’t be done inside a building. 9. To take from a person or a place sometimes with violence. It often involves large amounts of money, gold, etc. and is often connected with banks and institutions. 10. To take something illegally, usually secretly. 11. To enter a building with force and take things illegally, often from a house. 12. Punishment involving bodily pain. 13. Doing work for the community as punishment. 14. Money paid for the release of a person held as a prisoner. 15. The punishment given by a court of law. 16. A person who is thought to have committed a crime. 17. A place where people are kept as a punishment for crimes. 18. A sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule. 19. Deceiving someone in order to make money or obtain goods illegally. 20. A person who sees a crime, and who appears in court to give evidence about it. 21. Taking someone away by force and illegally, and demanding a ransom in order to release them. 22. Money offered for helping the police to find a criminal or something which has been stolen. 23. To take and keep somebody prisoner with the authority of the law. 24. A person with the authority to decide cases in a court of law. 25. A group of people in a court of law who have been chosen to listen to the facts in a case and decide whether the accused person is guilty or innocent. 26. Being executed for a crime. 27. Murder of an important person, usually for political reasons.