Vocabulary

supplement қоспа добавление

durability беріктік, төзімділік прочность

gossamer жұқа мата тонкая ткань

sturdy қатты крепкий

canvas кенеп, мата холст, полотно

bulk көлем объем

worsted таралған жүннен калевальная ткань

жасалған мата (ткань из гребенной шерсти)

to spin иіру прясть

sleek тайғақ гладкий

rush қамыс, құрақ тростник

hemp сора конопля

sisal зейнет өсімдігінің өңделген сизаль (обработанные

талшықтары, сизаль волокна текстильных агав)

coir кокос талшықтары кокосовые волокна

twine мықты арқан, кендір жіп бечевка, шпагат

kapok өсімдік мамығы капок (растительный пух)

flax зығыр лен

ramie қытай қалақайы китайская крапива

embellishment әшекей, әшекейлеу украшение

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the main sources of textile production?

2. What is animal textile made from?

3. Where is animal textile used?

4. Where is plant textile used?

5. Where is mineral textile used?

6. Where is synthetic textile used?

III. Translate from English into your native language.

made from

main sources

degrees of durability

finest gossamer

is known

produced from

is spun from

sleek texture

to increase

artificial fibres

IV. Complete the following sentences with these words.

wool, shininess, petroleum, animal, softness, natural, cocoon, jewelry, paper, artificial.

1. In the past, all textiles were made from _____fibres, including plant, _____ and mineral sources.

2. Later, all textiles were supplemented by _________ fibres made from__________.

3. ___________ refers to the hair of the domestic goat of sheep.

4. All types of wool known for their__________.

5. Silk is made from the fibres of the __________ of the Chinese silk worm.

6. Fibres from pulpwood trees, cotton, rice, hemp and nettle are used in making___________.

7. Acetate is used to increase the______of certain fabrics such as silks, velvets and others.

8. Metal fibre, metal foil and metal wire have a variety of uses, including the production of cloth-of-gold and ___________.

V. Match up the half sentences below.

1. Weaving is a textile production A. and working them together until

method which involves interlacing they become tangled. A liquid,

a set of longer threads (called the such as soapy water, is usually

warp) added to lubricate the fibres and

to open up the microscopic

scales on strands of wool.

2. Knitting and crocheting involve B. with a set of crossing threads (called

interlacing loops of yarn, which are the weft). This is don on a frame

formed either or machine known as a loom,

of which there are a number of

types. Some weaving is still don by

hand, but the vast majority is

mechanized.

3. Braiding or plating involves C. on a knitting needle or on a crochet

hook, together in a line. The tow

processes are different in that

knitting has several active loops at

one time, on the knitting needle

waiting to interlock with another

loop while crocheting never has

more than one active loop on the

needle.

4. Knotting involves D. using a backing and any of the

methods, to create a fine fabric with

open holes in the work. Lace can be

made by either hand or machine.

5. Lace is made by interlocking threads E. twisting threads together into cloth.

together independently,

6. Felting involves pressing a mat of F. tying threads together and is used in

together, making macrame.