- •T he notion of style
- •S tylistics as a science
- •Various literary genre;
- •Connection of Stylistics to the other sciences
- •S tylistic lexicology
- •Language variability
- •Read a story; define the subsystem of the words in italics. Give their standard variant.
- •2. Stylistic classification of English vocabulary
- •Divide the following types of words into 3 categories. Make a chart.
- •Read the following definitions of words and fill in the chart
- •3. Interaction of Stylistically Colored Words and the Context
- •S uper-neutral vocabulary
- •Super-neutral Words
- •Archaisms
- •Compare two variants of Canterbury Tales written in Middle English and translated into New English, find the obsolete, archaic words
- •Read and suggest the modern variant of the underlined words. Use the prompts given.
- •Foreign words or barbarisms
- •Match the given words with their translation. Define the type of the foreign words.
- •Read the given extracts. Define what additional information the foreign words reflect.
- •4. Literary words
- •Read an extract and tell what effect the elevated words have and why.
- •Give the neutral/standard variant of the following sentences
- •Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare
- •Colloquial words
- •Jargon words
- •Vulgar words
- •Compare two variants of one and the same story. Write out the neutral words and their slang equivalents.
- •D ialect words
- •Before reading the story, look through the sentences and suggest what the story is going to be about
- •Something to lean on
- •S tylistic phonetics
- •Alliteration
- •Read the extracts and define the type of alliteration
- •Onomatopoeia
- •2. Translate the following examples of onomatopoeia
- •I nternal rhyme:
- •Analyzing english poetry
- •William Blake The Chimney Sweeper
- •S tylistic semasiology
- •Figures of replacement
- •2/ Figures of quality
- •I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!
- •Read the following sentences, define the type of the figure of quantity.
- •Read and define the metonymy examples. Explain their meaning
- •West End is the hands of London.
- •3 . Read and define the periphrasis examples. Explain their meaning
- •4. Read and define the allusion examples. Explain their meaning
- •5. What kind of person are you if you are called …
- •Translate the following examples of the speaking names
- •Match the points characterizing life in comparison with journey
- •Read the classified examples of metaphor and personification. Some of them are mixed. Figure them out.
- •3. Read and define the epithet examples. Explain their meaning
- •Figures of co-occurrence
- •4. Here is a short poem about the way how a good greyhound is shaped. Most of the similes are missed. Fill in the gaps. The words in the box will help you.
- •5. Translate the following examples of the oxymoron
- •Analyzing a poem
- •The Twilight by h. W. Longfellow
- •S tylistic syntax
- •Absence of Syntactical Elements
- •For Sale, Baby Shoes, Never Worn
- •Шли три студента, один – в кино, другой – в сером костюме, третий – в хорошем настроении.
- •Order of speech elements
- •«They slid down» «Down they slid»
- •Read the following examples of inverted statements, tell what a direct word order in the statements is.
- •Interaction of Syntactical Structures
- •Speaking without thinking is shooting without aiming.
- •Read a sentence; define what parts of the sentence are parallel here.
- •Read the sentences, define what words are repeated and what for.
- •I have to beg you for money. Daily. (s.Lewis)
- •Read the statements, define what is detached here.
- •Analyzing a poem
- •Analyzing a story
- •Introduction
- •Is he living or is he dead
Colloquial words
C olloquial words are used in everyday communication; mostly in the oral form of communication.
colloquial words proper, e. g., chap;
phonetic variants of neutral words: baccy (tobacco), fella (fellow), gimme, gonna;
diminutives of neutral words: daddy, piggy, as well as diminutives of proper names — Bobby, Becky, Johny;
neutral words with the figurative meaning , e. g., spoon - «a man with a low mentality».
most interjections belong to the colloquial sphere: gee! Er? Well, etc.
Jargon words
Professional jargonisms are used by representatives of the profession to facilitate the communication.
Shark —студент-отличник, rabbit heart - трус belly-acher - человек, который всегда на что-нибудь жалуется, |
Social jargonisms are the words used to denote non-professional thing relevant for representatives of the given social group with common interests.
«No real sportsman cares for money», he would say, borrowing a «pony» if it was no use trying for a «monkey». |
Cant
Cant is a secret lingo of the underworld - of criminals.
«How long did they cook you!» Dongere's stopped short and looked at him. «How long did they cook you?» — «Since eight this morning. Over twelve hours...» — «You didn't unbutton then? After twelve hours of it?» — «Me?.. They got a lot of dancing to do before they'll get anything out of me» |
Vulgar words
V ulgar words represent a stylistically lowest group of words which are considered offensive for polite usage. E.g. You are so darn good-looking.
Nonce-words
N once-words are defined as chance words, words created for the given occasion by analogy with the existing words by means of affixation, composition, conversion.
"We diarise, we earlierise, any day we may begin to futurise,. . . We also itinerise, and reliableise; and we not only decontaminate and dehumidise but we debureaucratise and we deinsectise. We are, in addition, discovering how good and pleasant it is to fellowship with one another. . . let's finalise all this nonsense." |
Slang
S lang is the part of the vocabulary made by commonly understood and widely used words and expressions of humorous kind - intentional substitutes of neutral and elevated words and expressions.
Compare two variants of one and the same story. Write out the neutral words and their slang equivalents.
Bob is a great guy. He never blows his slack. He hardly ever flies off the handle. Well, of course, he is actually getting on, too. But he always knows how to make up for the-lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He knows how to get away with things. Bob's got it made. This is it for him. He is a cool cat.
Bob is a calm person. He never loses control of himself, he hardly ever becomes very angry. Needless to say, he is getting older. But he knows how to compensate by relaxing. He rises early, exercises, and goes to bed early. Bob is successful, he reached his life‘ s goal. He is a good guy.