- •T he notion of style
- •S tylistics as a science
- •Various literary genre;
- •Connection of Stylistics to the other sciences
- •S tylistic lexicology
- •Language variability
- •Read a story; define the subsystem of the words in italics. Give their standard variant.
- •2. Stylistic classification of English vocabulary
- •Divide the following types of words into 3 categories. Make a chart.
- •Read the following definitions of words and fill in the chart
- •3. Interaction of Stylistically Colored Words and the Context
- •S uper-neutral vocabulary
- •Super-neutral Words
- •Archaisms
- •Compare two variants of Canterbury Tales written in Middle English and translated into New English, find the obsolete, archaic words
- •Read and suggest the modern variant of the underlined words. Use the prompts given.
- •Foreign words or barbarisms
- •Match the given words with their translation. Define the type of the foreign words.
- •Read the given extracts. Define what additional information the foreign words reflect.
- •4. Literary words
- •Read an extract and tell what effect the elevated words have and why.
- •Give the neutral/standard variant of the following sentences
- •Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare
- •Colloquial words
- •Jargon words
- •Vulgar words
- •Compare two variants of one and the same story. Write out the neutral words and their slang equivalents.
- •D ialect words
- •Before reading the story, look through the sentences and suggest what the story is going to be about
- •Something to lean on
- •S tylistic phonetics
- •Alliteration
- •Read the extracts and define the type of alliteration
- •Onomatopoeia
- •2. Translate the following examples of onomatopoeia
- •I nternal rhyme:
- •Analyzing english poetry
- •William Blake The Chimney Sweeper
- •S tylistic semasiology
- •Figures of replacement
- •2/ Figures of quality
- •I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!
- •Read the following sentences, define the type of the figure of quantity.
- •Read and define the metonymy examples. Explain their meaning
- •West End is the hands of London.
- •3 . Read and define the periphrasis examples. Explain their meaning
- •4. Read and define the allusion examples. Explain their meaning
- •5. What kind of person are you if you are called …
- •Translate the following examples of the speaking names
- •Match the points characterizing life in comparison with journey
- •Read the classified examples of metaphor and personification. Some of them are mixed. Figure them out.
- •3. Read and define the epithet examples. Explain their meaning
- •Figures of co-occurrence
- •4. Here is a short poem about the way how a good greyhound is shaped. Most of the similes are missed. Fill in the gaps. The words in the box will help you.
- •5. Translate the following examples of the oxymoron
- •Analyzing a poem
- •The Twilight by h. W. Longfellow
- •S tylistic syntax
- •Absence of Syntactical Elements
- •For Sale, Baby Shoes, Never Worn
- •Шли три студента, один – в кино, другой – в сером костюме, третий – в хорошем настроении.
- •Order of speech elements
- •«They slid down» «Down they slid»
- •Read the following examples of inverted statements, tell what a direct word order in the statements is.
- •Interaction of Syntactical Structures
- •Speaking without thinking is shooting without aiming.
- •Read a sentence; define what parts of the sentence are parallel here.
- •Read the sentences, define what words are repeated and what for.
- •I have to beg you for money. Daily. (s.Lewis)
- •Read the statements, define what is detached here.
- •Analyzing a poem
- •Analyzing a story
- •Introduction
- •Is he living or is he dead
Read the sentences, define what words are repeated and what for.
I wake up and I’m alone and I walk round Warley and I’m alone; and I talk with people and I’m alone and I look at his face when I’m home and it’s dead. (J.Braine)
It’s their wealth and security that makes everything possible makes your art possible, makes literature, science, even religion possible.
Chain repetition is recurrence of identical elements in the following way:
Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squalor, squalor led, in the final stages, to the smells and stagnation of B. Inn Alley. (D. du Maurier)
”To think better of it,” returned the gallant Blandois, “would be to slight a lady, to slight a lady would be to be deficient in chivalry towards the sex, and chivalry towards the sex is a part of my character.” (Dickens)
The Connection between Parts of the Sentence
D
I have to beg you for money. Daily. (s.Lewis)
She was crazy about you. In the beginning.
etachment makes the word prominent. Thus, from the point of view of stylistics, detachment is nothing but emphasis.
Read the statements, define what is detached here.
«Smither should choose it for her at the stores — nice and dappled» (Galsworthy)
I have to beg you nearly killed, ingloriously, in a jeep accident. (I.Shaw)
Daylight was dying, the moon rising, gold behind the poplars. (Galsworthy)
‘I want to go’ he said, miserable. (Galsworthy)
R hetorical question is an affirmative or negative statement which only assumes the form of a question. The speaker never doubts what kind of answer to his question can be expected, and the conclusion is left with the hearer.
ANALYZING A POEM
If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature's holy plan,
Have I not reason to lament
What man has done of man?
What
the poem is about?
Find two examples of Present Subjunctive in the poem? What does the author use them for?
Is where any possible answer to the question given?
Analyzing a poem
What do you see in the pictures? Who are these people? What are they?
Is there any connection between these people? Try to explain why one of them is happy and the other is not?
Why do you think the city is crumpled?
What’s happened to a little boy? Who is guilty? Could it possibly be that a happy man killed a child?
Read a poem and answer the following questions:
What is the poem about? What do you see? What do you hear? What do you feel?
What did the author want to tell us? What title would you give to a poem?
What simile is used in a poem to describe the H-bombs' thunder?
What is understood by the allusion to the crack of doom? Why is it compared to the H-bombs' thunder?
What is understood by the pronoun they? Why does the author use personification here?
What SD is used when the author names the earth a tomb?
What kind of synonymic repetition is an example of ‘tumble – crumble’?
What is meant by a periphrasis ‘Have his blood upon your hands’?
Are there any parallel constructions to enhance the action?
The whole poem is a sequence of rhetoric questions. Is there an answer to them? Whom are these questions addressed to? Does the decision depend on every person or only on a government?
Don't you hear the H-bombs' thunder
Echo like the crack of doom?
While they rend the skies asunder
Fall-out makes the earth a tomb;
Do you want your homes to tumble,
Rise in smoke towards the sky?
Will you let your cities crumble,
Will you see your children die?
Must you put mankind in danger,
Murder folk in distant lands?
Will you bring death to a stranger,
Have his blood upon your hands?
Shall we lay the world in ruin?
Only you can make the choice.
Stop and think of what you're doing.
Join the march and raise your voice.
Time is short; we must be speedy.
We can see the hungry filled,
House the homeless, help the needy.
Shall we blast, or shall we build ?
