Order of speech elements

I

«They slid down» «Down they slid»

nversion is called any kind of deviation from the usual order of words in the sentence. Stylistic inversion is placing a part of the sentence into a position unusual for it for the purpose of emphasis.

1. Of all my old association, of all my old pursuits and hopes, of all the living and the dead world, this one poor soul alone comes natural to me.

2. Women are not made for attack. Wait they must.

3. Talent Mr. Micawber has; capital Mr. Micawber has not. (Dickens)

1. Read the following examples of inverted statements, tell what a direct word order in the statements is.

PARTIAL INVERSION

1. To a medical student the final examinations are something like death ... 2. Money he had none.. – Денег у него не было ни гроша. 3. Misty mountains they saw. 4. This he knew very well. A pretty paradise did we build for ourselves. (Thackeray) 5. Terrible it had been!

FULL INVERSION

1. Love he did her surely. 2) On the terrace stood a knot of distinguished visitors. 3) In one corner sat the band … 4) On the corner, waiting for a bus, had stood a young woman. 5) And only then will you truly joined the common European home … 6) Strange is the heart of woman.

Interaction of Syntactical Structures

P

Speaking without thinking is shooting without aiming.

arallelism means a more or less complete identity of syntactical structures of two or more contiguous sentences or verse lines.

2. Read a sentence; define what parts of the sentence are parallel here.

When a man wants to kill a tiger he calls it sport; when a tiger wants to kill a man it is ferocity.

ANALYZING A POEM

Boys shout, Balls bounce,

Girls giggle, Hands clap,

Pencils write, Skipping ropes,

Squiggle squiggle. Slap slap.

What is the poem about? What do you see? What do you hear?

What parallel constructions are used here? What for?

Are there any other stylistic devices? What for?

C hiasmus is a group of stylistic devices based on repetition of a syntactical pattern, but it has a cross order of words and phrases.

«The jail might have been the infirmary, the infirmary might have been the jail...» (Dickens).

A naphora is the use of identical words at the beginning of two or more contiguous sentences or verse lines. Sometimes it is combined with parallelism.

1. I might as well face facts: good-bye, Susan, good-bye a big car, good-bye a big house, good-bye power, good-bye the silly handsome dreams. (J.Braine)

2. And everywhere were people. People going into gates and coming out of gates. People staggering and falling. People fighting and cursing.

ANALYZING A POEM

W

Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow!

Farewell to the straits and green valleys below!

Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods!

Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!

hat is the poem about? What do you see? What do you feel?

What parallel constructions are used here? What for? What effect does the repetition of the word ‘farewell’ create?

What kind of rhyme is a set of ‘woods – floods’? Why does the author use it?

E piphora is recurrence of identical elements in the end of two or more contiguous utterances.