2. Read the classified examples of metaphor and personification. Some of them are mixed. Figure them out.

Personification	Metaphor
John thinks he is a class clown.	Your friend is just a big baby!
The car happily squealed down the highway.	You are my guarding angel.
It was the time to go home, but the bell refused to ring.	The angry sky roared and threw lightning around.
While leaving don’t burn all the bridges.	And where is your knight in the shining armour?
The gentle wind softly kissed my cheeks.	I wish you were not such a chicken!
I can see the news travel quickly.	The trees danced back and forth in the wind.

Epithet is an adjective used to denote certain characteristics to a person or a thing.

3. Read and define the epithet examples. Explain their meaning

1. The restless night passed like a nightmare. 2. Sitting by his side, I watched the peaceful dawn. 3. The idle road stretched for miles. 4. I had reached a delicate corner. 5. It was a sweet beginning to a tragic end.

I

The locker room smells really good.

Awesome! Another homework packet!

Bill Gates uses an Apple computer.

rony is about expectations. It is the opposite of what is expected. Mostly used to create the effect of defeated expectancy

1. Figures of co-occurrence

1/ Figures of identity: Simile, synonymic repetition

2/ Figures of inequality: Climax/gradation, anti-climax/bathos

3/ Figures of contrast: Antithesis, oxymoron

FIGURES OF IDENTITY

Simile is an explicit statement concerning the similarity of two different notions. The purpose of simile is to characterize vividly one of the two.

• « She can sing like a professional actress» (logical comparison);

• «She sings like a nightingale» (simile).

List of notable similes

• Love is like the devil; whom it has in its clutches it surrounds with flames.

• A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle.

• Yellow butterflies flickered along the shade like flecks of sun.

4. Here is a short poem about the way how a good greyhound is shaped. Most of the similes are missed. Fill in the gaps. The words in the box will help you.

A

Cat – drake – bream – snake

– rat – beam -

head like a _______, a neck like a ________

A back like a _______, a belly like a ________

A foot like a _______, a tail like a ________.

S ynonymic repetition To figures of identity we may refer the repetition of synonyms denoting the same object of reality and occurring in the given segment of text.

Synonyms of precision	Synonymic variations
«Joe was a mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy-going, foolish fellow» Dickens	‘You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!’ W. Shakespeare

C limax (gradation) means such an arrangement of ideas (no­tions) in which what precedes is inferior to what follows. The first element is the weakest; the subsequent elements gradually rise in strength.

«I am sorry. I am so very sorry. I am so extremely sorry» (Chesterton).

I think we’ve reached a point of great decision not just for our nation, not only for all humanity but for life upon the earth.

A nti-climax (bathos) consists in weakening the emotional effect by adding unexpectedly weaker elements to the strong ones which were mentioned above. Usually anti-climax is employed for humoristic purposes.

“Early rise and early to bed makes a male healthy and wealthy and dead”

A ntithesis is a confrontation of two notions which underlines the radical difference between them.

Too black for heaven and yet too white for hell.

«It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness...» (Dickens).

O xymoron consists in ascribing a property to an object incompatible, inconsistent with that property.

«O brawling love! О loving hate!» (Shakespeare)