Words and expressions

structure - структура

industry - промышленность

economic growth - экономический рост

heavy industry - тяжелая промышленность

industrial output - промышленное

производство

aerospace technology - авиационные технологии

machine-building - машиностроение

industrialization - индустриализация

manufacturing - производство

electrification - электрификация

economic planning - экономическое

планирование

natural resources - природные ресурсы

industrial regions - промышленные регионы

transportation equipment - транспортное

оборудование

shipbuilding - cсудостроение

motor-vehicle manufacturing - автомобилестроение

railroads - железные дороги

construction project - строительные проекты

agricultural machinery - сельскохозяйственные

машины

sizable exporter - значительный экспортер

productive capacity - производственные

мощности

cotton yarn - хлопковое волокно

natural silk - натуральный шелк

synthetic fiber - синтетическое волокно

plastics - пластмассы

raw material - сырье

population concentration - концентрация населения

decline - спад

synthetic rubber - синтетический каучук

Exercise 1

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Why was heavy industry promoted above all during the Soviet Union period?

2. Did national defense receive high priority in Soviet industrial plans?

3. Why do we consider that Russian industries are technologically advanced?

4. Where machine-building industries in Russia are mainly located?

5. Why machine-building industries are located in big cities?

6. When did Soviet government begin electrification?

7. What are the Urals known for?

8. What were installed in the electric-power areas?

9. Why did the government install huge manufacturing complexes in electric power areas?

10. Is manufacture of transportation equipment concentrated in northern European Russia?

11. Where the largest Russian shipbuilding center is located?

12. Why Russian motor vehicle manufacturing industry is limited?

13. When was the Lada motor vehicle manufacturing plant established?

14. What is the annual production of Tol’yatti Volga Motor Vehicle Plant?

15. What can you say about Kama Truck Plant in Naberezhnye Chelny?

16. Is manufacture of agricultural machinery a small industry in Russia?

17. Was the USSR a sizable exporter of tractors?

18. What can you tell about textile industries in the USSR?

19. Why did textile industry suffer since the breakup of the USSR?

20. What was production of leather footwear per year in the USSR?

21. Did industrial output in Russia decline in 1990-th?

22. Industrial production of what products increased in Russia after the collapse of the USSR?

Exercise 2.

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

Большие запасы угля и минералов; значение промышленности в экономическом развитии страны; производственные предприятия; сконцентрированы в Москве и Санкт-Петербурге; новые крупные производственные комплексы; максимально использовать; преимущества природных ресурсов; производство транспортного оборудования; европейская часть России; производительность автозавода в Тольятти; производство сельхозмашин является ведущей отраслью промышленности в России; СССР был лидером в производстве практически всех видов тканей; c момента распада Советского союза, текстильная промышленность России сильно пострадала; Советский союз считался мировым лидером в производстве обуви из кожи; промышленное производство России значительно упало за последние годы; производство некоторых видов продукции возросло.

Exercise 3.

Закончите предложения подходящими по смыслу словосочетаниями:

1. The machine building industries a) agricultural areas, b) small cities,

are mainly located in… c) mountains, d) big cities.

2. New huge manufacturing a) being close to agricultural lands,

complexes were installed to b) being near big cities,

take maximum advantage of… c) being close to natural resources.

3. The manufacture of a) far east

transportation equipment is b) West European Russia

concentrated in … c) central European Russia

4. The USSR was formerly the a) electronics

largest producer of … b) ready-made garments

c) agriculture

5. Nearly all the country’s a) Central Asia

Raw cotton came from … b) African countries

c) European Union

6. A considerable portion of the a) traditions of Russians

country’s fresh fruits and b) transportation and refrigeration

Vegetables are canned due to… facilities are not adequate

c) traditional exports of canned

canned fruits and vegetable

Exercise 4

Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. In the USSR the role of heavy industry in economic growth was leading.

2. Industrial output for national defense in the USSR received high priority in Soviet plans.

3. Russian industries are very technologically advanced in certain items.

4. The machine-building industries are located in the largest cities because these industries are labor intensive.

5. The Urals known to have large coal and mineral reserves.

6. New manufacturing complexes were installed in the east of the country to take maximum advantage of these natural resources.

7. The older industrial regions of Russia continued to increase their output.

8. The motor-vehicle manufacturing industry is limited in Russia, because the Soviet government gave low priority to vehicular traffic.

9. Aptiva plant’s capacity is about 660,000 automobiles a year.

10. The USSR was the largest producer of tractors in the world and a sizable exporter.

11. Russia is also a major producer of textiles.

12. The USSR was somewhat behind the rest of the developed world in the technology of synthetic fibers and plastics.

13. The food industries form an important manufacturing sector in Russia.

14. Industrial output in Russia has declined in recent years.

15. At the same time the output of some products, such as television sets, in fact increased.

Exercise 5

Составьте предложения используя данные слова и словосочетания:

1. Producer; major; tractors; Russia.

2. Industrial; output; manufacturing sector; declined; the USSR.

3. Manufacturing; huge; complexes; East; installed.

4. Construction project; largest; eighth Soviet five-year Plan; Tol’yatti.

5. Sizable exporter; producer; USSR; tractors.

6. Motor vehicle; limited; industry; low priority.

7. World leader; leather; footwear; shoes; pairs; per year.

8. Industrial production; declined; during; Soviet Union; last years.

9. Output; television sets; some products; such as; increased.

Exercise 6

Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. Структура российской промышленности во многом зависела от советской теории приоритетности тяжелой промышленности.

2. Российская промышленность высоко технологична в некоторых областях.

3. Машиностроение, главным образом, размещено в крупных городах страны.

4. Урал известен большими запасами угля и других природных ресурсов.

5. Производство транспортного оборудования размещено в европейской части России.

6. Волжский автозавод в Тольятти рассчитан на производство 660 000 автомобилей в год.

7. СССР был мировым лидером по производству практически всех видов тканей.

8. Производство предметов длительного пользования сократилось к 1992 году.

9. Производство сахара в России в последнее время увеличилось.

Exercise 7

Найдите антонимы к словам данным в колонке слева:

shortage below

major insufficient

sufficient in particular

in general excess

to disintegrate minor

sizable join up

above small

behind in front

Exercise 8

Расскажите, что вы знаете о промышленности Российской Федерации.

Text C