Санкт-петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (рпа минюста россии)»

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)

Кафедра: Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

Дисциплина Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

(наименование учебной дисциплины)

Билет для экзамена № 12

1. Capital punishment.

2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.

Opinion polls show that most Americans feel handguns are responsible for the high murder rates. A majority of Americans, some 70 percent, favour laws which would ban the private ownership of all handguns. At present, there are about 23,000 state and local gun laws and ordinances throughout the US. Some states only prohibit carrying concealed handguns; in others owners must register all handguns and have a license to carry them, either open or concealed. In some communitiespeople are not allowed to own any handgun.

Although most Americans would like to forbid the owning of handguns, there is still no single federal law to that effect. Perhaps the major reason for this is the lobbying efforts of the National Rifle Association (NRA) and its three million members. They city the Second Amendment to the Constitution (“the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed”). They argue that about half of the some 120 million firearms in the US are owned by hunters, and their slogan claims that “Guns don’t kill, people do”.

Those in favour of a national law point out that the Second Amendment begins with the phrase “A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state…”. This goes back to the time when seven out of the original thirteen colonies required all males to serve in the state militias. When needed, men served as “citizen soldiers”. This, they conclude, is no longer the case, and the easy availability of guns simply leads to too many deaths. At present, a national law forbidding the ownership of all guns appears unlikely. However, more states and communities will probably pass their own much more restrictive laws in the future.

Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент

Сексте Я.А.

(подпись)

Санкт-петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (рпа минюста россии)»

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)

Кафедра: Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

Дисциплина Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

(наименование учебной дисциплины)

Билет для экзамена № 13

1. Fraud.

2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.

The court is for offenders aged 10 to 17 and deals only with criminal cases. Proceedings in the youth court tend to be less formal than in an adult court. The public are excluded, and the press are prevented from reporting name and addresses of defendants. 

Sentencing options available to the youth court that are not available to an adult court are a supervision order, attendance center order and detention in a young offender institution (for offenders aged 15 an over). The youth court has an additional power to remand a young person into the care of a local authority rather than to prison, although the letter course is still available in respect of boys aged 15 or over.

In dealing with young offenders, the government white paper “Crime Justice and protecting the public’’ made clear its view that “crime preventions begins at home’’ and that parental responsibility was a key feature of governmental policy. Children under the age of 10 cannot be brought before a criminal court, as they are deemed in law to be unreliable in their understanding of the difference between right and wrong. If their behavior is beyond parental control they may be placed in the care of the local authority. For a child over the aged of ten, the youth court has powers to require parents to attended court and to pay finds on behalf of their child.

A further requirement of the youth court is to take account of maturity and stage of development of young offenders, particularly those aged 16 and 17. This means that youth courts may treat 16- and 17-year-old as either juveniles or adults for the purpose of sentencing.

Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент

Сексте Я.А.

(подпись)