Typical pathological processes are the processes which are developed by similar laws, independently on reasons, localization, animals type and organism individual peculiarities.

Main examples are the following: inflammation, tumorogenic process, circulation local disorders, hypoxy, starvation, fever and others.

Pathological state :

1. in wide essence – pathological changings in organism which occur due to pathological process development;

2. in narrow essence – stable coming out of norm having biological negative importance for organism (state after extremity amputation, scar, teeth loss etc.).

Pathological process and pathologic state interrelations.

Pathological process and pathological state have the same links like categories “movement” and “resting”, “dynamical” and ‘statical”.

When doctor examines the patient in separate concrete time moment then he studies pathological state. When he does so at dynamics, i.e. pathological states changings, then he studies pathological process.

There are following variants of these 2 categories interrelations:

1. pathological process without pathological state: at the pathological process action initial stages pathological process can be developed but deviations from norm are still absent because of powerful compensatory reactions.

2. Pathological process is expressed by pathological state. It is the mostly widely-spread link type.

3. Pathological state without pathological process. Pathological process has been finished but pathological state is still present.

Pathological reaction is non-adequate and biologically non-proper organism or its systems answer to the action of usual or excessive stimuli. Pathological reaction is an element of destructive, properilly pathological side of pathological process. Examples are: allergy, pathological reflexes.

3. DISEASE AS BIOLOGICAL, MEDICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEM. ABSTRACT AND CONCRETE IN THE DEFINITION “DISEASE”. UNITY OF DESTRUCTIVE AND PROTECTIVE IN DISEASE.

Disease is:

a) organism normal life activity disorder under harmful environmental factors action; such disorder is characterized by organism adaptation limiting and person working activity deterioration at protective-compensatory mechanisms simultaneous activation (by A.D.Ado and I.R.Petrov);

b) life limited in its freedom (K.Marx);

c) life under ubnormal conditions possible due to compensatory mechanisms existence (R.Wirhow with Yu. Konheim additions);

d) organism reaction to environmental factors stimuli acting harmfully to it (S.P.Botkin);

e) physiological functions exact co-ordination disorder (K.Bernar, A.A.Bogomolets);

f) dyalectic unity and fighting of destructive and protective (I.P.Pavlov);

g) organism normal vital activity disorder at injuring agents action to it as the result of which organism adaptive possibility are decreased (N.N.Zayko).

Disease difference from health

3 Points of view:

1. qualitative differences between disease and health are absent or, with other words, disease are differed from health only with quantitative characteristics (K.Bernar, R.Virhov, I.V.Davydovsky);

2. new quality appears in disease but it is not the result of the appearance of principally new and it is the result of quantitative changings transformations into qualitative ones (A.Bogomolets);

3. disease is quite new organism state. There exist disease developmental laws which are differed greatly from healthy organism regularities (V.V.Pashutin).

Two opposite beginnings, two opposite origins co-exist in disease. According to Russian physiologist Pavlov statement, one of these beginnings is “physiological measurement for disease”, second one is “ properily pathological or breakage”. Tissular injuries mean destructive disease component. At the same time, disease is a protective signal, signal that something is wrong in organism. It is actual especially according to Eastern medicine and to the conception that disease is given for sins by God to change thinking or even life style. Also main protective mechanisms are involved into process in parallel to disease (specific and non-specific defence).