III. Grammar review. Теперішній, минулий, майбутній простий час (Present, Past, Future Simple)

Present Simple			Past Simple			Future Simple
I You play We They			I You He She played It We They			I You He She will play It We They
He She plays It
I You do not We (don`t) They play He does not She (doesn`t) It			I You He did not She (didn`t) play It We They			I You He will not She (won`t) play It We They
Do	I you we they	play?	Did	I you he she it we they	play?		Will	I you he she it we they	play?
Does	He she it

Вживання:

Present Simple	Past Simple	Future Simple
1. Постійна, звичайна дія або дія, яка властива особі чи предмету, який позначає підмет. e.g. She works in a bank. Загальні положення безвідносно до часу e.g. Copper conducts electricity.	1. Опис минулих подій, вираження повторюваних дій у минулому, часто вживається зі словами yesterday, last week, the other day та ін. e.g. They went camping by the lake last month.	1. Рішення, які прийняті в момент мовлення. e.g. Since it is getting dark, I will turn on the light.
2. Дії, які постійно повторюються (особливо з прислівниками неозначеного часу: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom). e.g. He always goes to bed at 11 o’clock.	2. Дії, які відбулися негайно одна за іншою у минулому. e.g. First she paid the driver, then she got out of the taxi.	2. Надії, страхи, погрози, пропозиції, обіцянки, прохання, коментарі та ін., особливо зі словами expect, hope, believe, I am sure, I am afraid, probably та ін. e.g. I am afraid I will be a little late.
3. Розклад руху поїздів, програм. e.g. The train leaves at 8.00.	3. Вираження дії або властивості, що характеризувала підмет у минулому. e.g. Kitchens were very different a hundred years ago.	3. Дії або припущення, які можуть (не) статися у майбутньому. e.g. She will probably buy the dress.
4. Спортивні коментарі, огляд, опис. e.g. Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race. e.g. Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. e.g. Then the prince gets on his horse and quickly rides away.	4. Дія або подія, яка відбулася у певний час у минулому. e.g. She called an hour ago.	4. Дії, які ми не можемо контролювати та які неминуче стануться у майбутньому. e.g. He will be ten next year.
5. Інструкції, вказівки (замість наказових речень). e.g. You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it. Замість: Sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then bake it.	5. Дія, яка відбулася у певний час у минулому, хоча цій час не згадується, ця дія не пов’язана з теперішнім часом. e.g. Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.	5. Речі, в яких ми не впевнені або ще не вирішили робити. e.g. She will be probably be promoted. (not sure yet)
6. Для вираження майбутньої дії в підрядних реченнях умови й часу, які вводяться сполучниками when, if, after, till, until, before. e.g. He will do the test if he has all the necessary equipment.

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple:

1. (the battery / need) recharging.

2. (I / advise) you to have the engine greased.

3. (the train / not / arrive) in Boston at 12.30.

4. What time (the plane / land) in Glasgow?

5. (heat engines / burn) a fuel to create heat, which then (create) a force.

6. (the operation of engines / not / have) typically a positive impact upon air quality.

7. (electric motors / convert) electrical energy into mechanical motion, (pneumatic motors / use) compressed air.

8. (combustion / refer) to burning fuel with an oxidizer to supply the heat?

9. (a steam motor / not / use) electrical energy to produce mechanical energy.

10. (diesel engines / operate) at lower speed compared to gasoline engines?

Exercise 2. Expend the following sentences in order to make true statements with doesn`t or don`t where necessary:

1. water / boil / at 100 C.

2. rice / grow / on trees.

3. vegetarians / eat / meat.

4. plants / need / water / to grow.

5. rain / fall / from clouds.

6. astronauts / travel / in submarines.

7. the Moon / turn / around the earth.

8. fish / walk / on land.

9. the sun / set / in the east.

10. pandas / live / in Italy.

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple:

1. (the mechanic / check) the plugs last week.

2. When (you / go) last to the gas station to have the brakes adjusted?

3. When (he / buy) this car? – (he / buy) it last month.

4. (gasoline engines / not / produce) lower hydrocarbon and CO2 emissions than diesel engines.

5. (engine / be) originally a term for any mechanical device that (convert) force into motion.

6. Where (Brian / work) when (he / live) in Spain?

7. (we / need) some money so (we / sell) our car.

8. (the first half of the 20th century / not / see) a trend to decreasing engine power, particularly in the American models.

9. (commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale / require) efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution networks.

10. (cars / not / become) widely available until the early 20th century.

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into Future Simple:

1. As soon as the train crosses bridge, (it / go) faster.

2. Excuse my disturbing you, when (we / land) in Paris?

3. I think (Tom / not / get) this job as he has very little experience.

4. (who / take) John to the airport?

5. (it / not / take) you long to have your battery recharged.

6. Do you think (you / walk) there or (go) by car?

7. We believe that road traffic (become) in part due to efforts by the government to implement safety features in cars, and by implementing safety components such as speed bumps on the roads themselves.

8. When (fully autonomous vehicles, also known as driverless cars / be) commercially available?

9. (they / open) a new service center next month.

10. (new technologies / help) keep us safe, some (give) us information like never before and some (let) us just enjoy the ride.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into Present and Past Simple:

Mr. Jones, a teacher of physics, (be fond) of the experimental method in physics and often (tell) the boys to use this method as often as possible.

One day Mr. Jones (come) to school on a new bicycle. The bicycle (have) a pair of pneumatic tyres. The pneumatic tyre had just been invented at that time, and none of the pupils had ever seen it.

At the physics lesson the teacher (decide) to show the pupils the new invention. He (take) them into the school yard and (say): «Now, children, who can tell me what (be) there inside this tyre that (make) it so hard and yet so elastic?»

The boys (gather) round the bicycle and (examine) the tyres.

«Perhaps there (be) cotton-wool inside», (say) one of them.

«No, I (think) there (be) a lot of steel springs inside», (say) another.

«You (be) both wrong», (say) Mr. Jones. Suddenly the third boy who was standing beside the bicycle (cry out), looking very happy: «I (know) what it (be). There (be) wind inside!»

Mr. Jones (smile) and (say): «Well, Tommy, you (be) nearly right: there (be) air inside. But how (you / find out) it?»

«I (use) the experimental method», (say) the boy. «I (stick) a nail into the tyre and some wind (come out) of it».

For the first time in his life Mr. Jones (not / like) the use of the experimental method.

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Future Simple:

«You (meet) Agent 205 under the clock at the railway station. When she (arrive), she (give) you an envelope. I don`t know if you (recognize) her in her disguise, but if she (not/say) the secret code word, you (know) she is an enemy agent. You (take) the envelope and head for the train to Waterloo Station. When the train (come), you (get on) it and go to Waterloo. If you (miss) the 9.15 train, you (have to) get the next one. As soon as it (reach) Waterloo, leave the train and take a taxi to the Opera House. You (meet) Jenny there, although I`m not sure exactly when she (get) there. Give her the envelope. Wait until she (drive) off and then go home. We (call) you there. Are there any questions?»

Exercise 7. Match the sentences and fill in the correct tense:

1.	She`ll call us	A.	until it (stop) raining.
2.	I don`t know	B.	as soon as I (can).
3.	What (you/do)	C.	if you (come) home late.
4.	Turn the lights off	D.	as soon as she (reach) London.
5.	Don`t go out	E.	if you have an accident?
6.	I (write) to you	F.	what (you/buy)?
7.	He will be angry	G.	when he (leave).
8.	If I give you $5,	H.	before you (go) to bed.

Exercise 8. Make the following sentences negative and make a general and one special question to each sentence:

1. His friend speaks two foreign languages.

2. We have a car and we use it very often.

3. Her uncle works as an electrical engineer in a big company.

4. They cars often break down.

5. I often play tennis on Sunday.

6. The police stopped him on his way home last night.

7. Tom`s father taught him to drive when he was 17.

8. She passed her examination because she studied very hard.

9. We all left the party at 11 pm.

10. They needed money so they sold their car.

11. I think I will stay at home this evening.

12. They will repair our car next week.

13. When you return home, you will notice a lot of changes.

14. He will start a computer programming course in a month.

15. I will take you to the airport.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. У скільки в Великобританії закриваються банки?

2. Звідки родом твій друг?

3. Тому подобається їздити на машині ввечері.

4. Останній поїзд відходить зі станції о 11.30 вечора.

5. Я подзвоню вам, як тільки прибуду в Лондон.

6. Я сподіваюся, що завтра ми вже будемо в Римі.

7. В наступному місяці ми купимо нову машину.

8. Мої батьки жили в Києві 5 років тому.

9. Вона не вивчала в школі французьку мову.

10. Останній раз я грав у волейбол рік тому.

11. Коли ти в останній раз перевіряв гальма?

12. Син моїх друзів працював в автосервісі і йому дуже подобалася його робота.

13. Я не буду ремонтувати машину завтра. Я буду зайнятий.

14. Коли він заряджав акумулятор? – Це було пару днів тому.

15. Яку ти вирішив купити машину?