- •Basic sound table
- •Bisyllabic clusters
- •The use of accented vowels in common spelling
- •Types of accent used in italian spelling
- •Instead, not all fonts have capital (uppercase) accented letters; Times New Roman and Arial fonts, among the most commonly used, have the following codes: try them out.
- •Very few words have this ending, but the rule is the same as for similar cases discussed above: vowel I is kept in both masculine and feminine plurals.
- •Indefinite articles
- •Indefinite articles used as pronouns
- •Combining articles with noun-adjective and adjective-noun
- •Fractions
- •Indicativo (indicative)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Vedere (to see)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as subjects
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as objects or copulas
- •Interrogative form
- •Negative form
- •Questo (this) - quello (that)
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Important note
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Note accented vowels are used to mark the accent (stress) in verbs of the 2nd conjugation, but remember that they are not used in common spelling
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case, the English past perfect corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case the English compound tense corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •The days of the week
- •Seasons
- •Italian also has adjectives referring to each season:
- •Centuries
- •Fractions of the hour
- •Mezzogiorno, la mezza, mezzanotte
- •Adverbs prima, dopo, durante
- •Gender and number of past participle
- •Auxiliary verbs used in reflexive forms
- •Congiuntivo presente (present subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo passato (perfect subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo trapassato (pluperfect subjunctive)
- •Condizionale presente
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand)
- •Condizionale passato
- •1St conjugation - domandare (to ask - transitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose - transitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand - transitive)
- •1St conjugation - stare (to stay, to remain - intransitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - cadere (to fall - intransitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - uscire (to go out, to come out - intransitive)
- •Imperativo essere
- •1St conjugation - pensare (to think)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendere (to take)
- •3Rd conjugation - sentire (to feel)
- •1St conjugation - mangiarsi (to eat, to eat up, to have food)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendersi (to take, to choose, to have as a choice)
- •3Rd conjugation - vestirsi (to get dressed, to dress up as a choice)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendermi (to catch me, or to take for me, to fetch me)
- •219 Мультиязыковой проект Ильи Франка www.Franklang.Ru
3Rd conjugation - sentire (to feel)
|
|
singular |
|
|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
che io senta |
may I feel |
|
che noi sentiamo |
may we feel |
2nd person |
|
senti |
feel! (singular) |
|
sentite |
feel! (plural) |
3rd person |
|
che egli/ella senta |
let (make) him/her feel |
|
che essi / esse sentano |
let (make) them feel |
In pronouncing imperative inflections, the accent (stress) is as follows:
(essere) |
sìi |
siàte |
(avere) |
àbbi |
abbiàte |
(1st conjugation) |
pènsa |
pensàte |
(2nd conjugation) |
prèndi |
prendéte |
(3rd conjugation) |
sènti |
sentìte |
Although it is not an important detail - beginners may completely disregard this topic - it is curious how the syllable carrying the stress in singular inflections is pronounced with a grave e sound (pènsa, prèndi, etc.), while in plural inflections, the accent shifts onto the next syllable and the same e becomes acute (pénsàte, préndéte, etc.). This remark only concerns the spoken language, as in normal spelling no accent at all is used, except in very few cases (where imperative may be mistaken with some other tense).
14.2
IMPERATIVE WITH PRONOUNS - NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE - GENERAL USE
|
i-15-1.htmli -15-1.html |
IMPERATIVE WITH PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Due to the difference between the "real" imperative inflections (2nd persons) and all the others (subjunctive), when personal pronouns have to be used, they link as suffixes to the 2nd persons of imperative, while they come before the verb in all other persons of this tense. Here are examples of pronouns used for reflexive forms:
1St conjugation - mangiarsi (to eat, to eat up, to have food)
|
|
singular |
|
|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
che io mi mangi |
may I eat |
|
che noi ci mangiiamo |
may we eat |
2nd person |
|
mangiati |
eat! (singular) |
|
mangiatevi |
eat! (plural) |
3rd person |
|
che egli/ella si mangi |
let (make) him/her eat |
|
che essi / esse si mangino |
let (make) them eat |
2Nd conjugation - prendersi (to take, to choose, to have as a choice)
|
|
singular |
|
|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
che io mi prenda |
may I have |
|
che noi ci prendiamo |
may we have |
2nd person |
|
prenditi |
have! (singular) |
|
prendetevi |
have! (plural) |
3rd person |
|
che egli/ella si prenda |
let (make) him/her have |
|
che essi / esse si prendano |
let (make) them have |