4. Read and translate the text:

Important materials in your food

Foods contain different materials that help your body to stay strong and healthy. The most important of these are known to be proteins. They are absolutely necessary for building and repairing our bodies. Proteins consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements, such as phosphorus and sulphur. Proteins are built up of smaller units, the amino-acids* The richest sources of proteins are such animal foods as meat, fish, cheese, eggs, milk, and such vegetable foods as soya beans, bread, peas.

Sugars and starches, known as carbohydrates, are digested² rather quickly and supply energy for the body. They are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Foods rich in carbohydrates are fruit, honey, bread, cakes, potatoes, rice, macaroni.

fats are also made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Fatty foods are considered to be good sources of energy,* but people who eat too much of them become overweight. Fats are found in butter, cream, milk, oily fish, meat, olive oil, sunflowerseed oil.

Your body also needs other materials called vitamins and minerals. They are present in small amounts but we know them to be extremely important for the proper functioning and growth of the body.

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* Compare: 1 g of fat produces 9.3 calories; 1 g of sugar pro­duces only 4.1 calories.

5. Supply antonyms for the following words:

different, strong, healthy, important, known, necessary, small, rich, quickly, fat, good, much, overweight

6. Insert the words given below:

1. Foods contain … that help your body to stay strong and healthy. 2. Proteins ate built up of … , the amino-acids. 3. Sugar and starches … rather quickly and supply energy for the body. 4. Fatty foods are considered to be … of energy. 5. Your body also needs … called vitamins and minerals.

1. Small amounts; 2) smaller units; 3) good sources; 4) different materials; 5) other materials

7. Make up sentences:

Carbohydrates Proteins Fats

consist of

carbon nitrogen oxygen hydrogen sulphur phosphorus

8. Make up right statements, using the following words and word combinations:

Foods rich in

proteins fats carbohydrates

are

butter cream meat fish cheese eggs milk olive oil honey bread rice soya beans fruit

9. Answer the following questions:

1. What do foods contain?

2. What are the most important materials?

3. What are proteins necessary for?

4. What are proteins built up?

5. How are sugars and starches digested?

6. Where are fats found in?

7. Who becomes over weight?

8. What vitamins and minerals important for?

10. Give the forms of the Infinitives:

to change, to act, to involve, to take, to slow, to prevent, to keep, to load, to grow, to reduce.

11. Put in where necessary “to” before the Infinitive:

1. The variability in fat content makes it difficult … determine the average composition of fish flesh.

2. Don’t make them … defrost these fish now, it is too early.

3. The technologist ordered the gang … to dress all the delivered fish.

4. She came to the shop and could … see all the process of handling the fish.

5. Students have come to this fish processing factory … learn the sanitary rules of fish handling.

6. The fish should then … be check-weighted, labeled, brined and chilled immediately after packing.

7. Care must … exercised at each stage, from handling the raw material until the frozen product.