11. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to conditional sentences:

1. Если рыба храниться во льду, активность бактерий задерживается и процесс автолиза долее интенсивный.

2. Если температура воды не достигнет определенных лимитов, большинство рыб не будет нереститься.

3. Если бы рыба погибла, в ее теле происходил бы ряд сложных химических и физических изменений.

4. Если рыба маринуется свежей, она разделывается, моется и затем помещается в раствор.

5. В отчете подчеркивается, что если не внедрить определенные изменения, то вскоре некоторые компании будут вынуждены объявить о своем закрытии.

6. Если бы сельдь засолили в бочках, то ее сначала бы перемешали с солью.

7. Если бы вы разработали в прошлом году всю необходимую для рыбоводства инфраструктуру, вы бы обратились в фонды, заинтересованные в финансировании проектов.

8. Если спрос на мидии в Европе превысит имеющееся ресурсы, будет неизбежен поиск новых поставщиков в другие регионы земного шара.

9. Если бы предприятие располагало одной единственной установкой, это означало бы остановку производства.

Unit 11 environment and pollution

1. Read and translate the words having the same root in the English and Russian languages:

Pollution, sense, phase, aspects, organizm, fundamental, adapt, aquatic, regularly, alternative, design, machine, technology, atmosphere.

2. Remember the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:

environment – окружающая среда

pollution – загрязнение

feature – черта

animal – животное

temporarily – временно

up-to-date – современный

ship – судно

wastes – отходы

to get sick – заболеть

destroy – разрушать

danger – опасность

3. State what part of speech the following words are, translate them into Russian:

To use – usage – using; to define – definition- defined; to spend – spending – spent; to regulate- regularly – regulator; to produce – producer- production- produced; to carry-carriage-carrying; to protect – protector – protection; to different – differently – different; to alter- alternative –alternation.

4. Read and translate the text:

Environment and pollution

The word "environment" has been repeatedly used without being defined. In a broad sense the environment includes several distinct and simultaneous and (of course) interacting phases. It includes, first, the nonliving aspects of the place where an organism lives — its physical environment. It includes, too, all the living things that affect the organism — its biotic environment.

All organisms live in water or in air. (Even those that live within soil are effectively sur­rounded either by water or by air.) That is the most fundamental feature of the physical environ­ment. The conditions of life are very different in water and in air, and most organisms are con­fined to one or the other. Many plants do, to be sure, live in both environments at once, with roots in water and stems (ствол) rod leaves in air, but the different parts are adapted to different envi­ronments. Many animals spend part of their lives in water and part in the air, as do the numerous insects with aquatic larvae (личинки), but the organisms is quite different when in one environ­ment than when in the other. Many can temporarily leave one environment for the other, as a fish can jump in the air or a man plunge into the sea. More impressively, there is a large number of plants and animals, especially along the shore, that regularly undergo alternation (сме­на) between the two environments.

People have designed and produced up-to-date machines and technologies to make their life easier and more comfortable. But all these activities result in air and water pollution.

One of the most important problems is the oceans. A lot of ships crossing the oceans and seas, especially those that carry oil, put their wastes into water, and the water becomes dirty. As a result many birds and fish die because of polluted water, others are getting contaminated and people may get sick from eating them.

The second problem is air pollution. Cars and plants pollute the atmosphere with their wastes. They destroy the ozone layer which protects us from the dangerous light of the Sun. They also destroy forests which are dying from acid rains.

Now people begin to realize the danger of their activities. People are concerned about the air and the water used by everyone, they are also concerned about the future of the planet because they understand that these activities affect the balance of nature.

In order to make our life not only easier but better and healthier we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution. Our planet belongs to our children and if we want our children to live in a healthier world we must do everything to protect them from the catastro­phe.

5. Give opposites to the following words: broad, distinct, first, nonliving, things, water, different, many, up-to-date machines, easy, comfortable, dirty, destroy, dangerous, future.