Вариант II

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого, укажите инфинитив. Переведите предложения.

1. The new numerically controlled machine-tools are being installed in our shop.

2. The alloys of non-ferrous metals were experimented in our laboratory.

3. Each new launching of artificial satellites has been connected with the solution of fundamentally new technical and scientific problems.

4. The old methods of research were replaced with new ones.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. An electron is a very small particle and it has a very small mass.

2. Specialists do not use solar cells in industry as they are too expensive.

3. We had to find new methods of investigation because the old ones were unsatisfactory.

4. The foreman is the one who teaches or instructs how the work is to be done.

3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. The main purpose of the computer is to solve complex problems quickly.

2. To answer the question of how much higher or lower the temperature is requires a unit of measurement and a special kind of instrument.

3. The device to be installed in our workshop must be checked beforehand.

4. To start the car the key should be turned clockwise.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. We considered this equation to have had different solutions.

2. Scientists are sure to find an appropriate answer to this question some day.

3. This discovery is considered to be the result of a long and thorough investigation.

4. Engineers know pure copper to be a very weak metal.

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. One mustn't be ashamed of one’s work or scorn someone else’s.

2. Every machine wastes energy because of friction; consequently, the work put into the machine is always more than that obtained from it.

3. That computers and robots are important for industrial uses is well known to scientists and engineers.

4. The main difference between the horizontal and vertical boring machines is that one has a horizontal spindle and the other a vertical one.

VI. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая

внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.

1. Today people can do all on the Internet, for it is the most efficient way to do business.

2. The uneducated person is either unable to do something new, or does it badly.

3. As matter and weight are closely connected we usually measure the amount of matter in an object by weighing it.

4. Man has recognized that sunlight is a powerful source of energy since ancient times.

VII. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Construction of the Automobile

Automobiles are trackless (1), self-propelled (2) vehicles for land transportation of people or goods, or for moving materials. There are three main types of automobiles. These are passenger cars, buses and lorries (trucks). Cars are very complicated machines, with an incredibly simple job of turning wheels.

The primary components of a car are the power plant (3), the power transmission, the running gear, and the control system. The body of a car is mounted on the chassis. To these may be added the accessories (4): the heater, lights, radio, speedometer and other devices.

The power plant, or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes the carburettor, ignition, lubrication, and cooling systems, and the starter motor. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

The chassis consists of a power train (5), frame with axles (6), wheels and

springs (7). The chassis includes brakes and steering system (8). The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch (9), gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive (10).

The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.

Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops.

Automobile Production

Specialists in automobile industry deal with designing and manufacturing cars, so they should know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases:

1) designing, 2) working out the technology of manufacturing processes, 3) laboratory tests, 4) road tests, 5) mass production.

It is important to know all these facts as before the automobile is put into mass production, it should be properly designed and the automobile must meet up-to-date requirements. What are these requirements?

The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance.

In order to obtain all these qualities engineers should develop up-to-date (11) methods of designing cars, using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials.

Also it is important to know computer science because it is intended to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing. Computers offer quick and optimal solutions of problems.

Before the car is put into mass production all its units and mechanisms are subjected to tests (12), first in the plant’s laboratory, then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests.

What qualities are required of the automobile? The modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch (13), silent gearbox, dependable (14) brakes and steering system, as well as pleasant appearance. Also it must be comfortable and have all conveniences.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. trackless – бездорожный, безрельсовый

2. self-propelled – самоходный

3. power-plant – силовая установка

4. accessories – вспомогательные устройства

5. power train – силовая передача

6. a frame with axles – рама с осями

7. springs – рессоры

8. steering system – рулевая система

9. clutch – сцепление

10. final drive – главная передача

11. up-to-date – современный

12. to be subjected to tests – подвергаться испытаниям

13. smooth acting clutch – плавное сцепление

14. dependable - надежный

VIII. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:

1. What components does the automobile consist of?

2. Why are brakes needed?

3. What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?

4. What qualities are required of the automobile?