Verb Tenses (глагольные времена).
Present Simple (Indefinite) - Простое настоящее (every day, usually, often, sometimes, always, never, seldom).
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V/Vs
+ |
- |
? |
You We speak English. They
He speaks English. It |
You We don’t speak English. They (do not)
She He doesn’t speak English. It (does not) |
Общие вопросы (Yes/No)
you Do we speak English? they
Does he speak_ English? it |
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Short answers: Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t. Yes, they do. No, they don’t. |
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Специальные вопросы (Wh-?)
Where do they speak English? Why does he speak English? With whom does she speak English?
Who__ speaks English?
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I
She
I 
I
she
The Past Simple. Простое прошедшее (yesterday, last week, last summer, in 2004,
a week ago, the other day)
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Ved/V2
+ |
- |
? |
You We II They played football last week. She spoke English yesterday. He It |
I You We I They didn’t play football last week. She didn’t speak English yesterday. He It |
Общие вопросы (Yes/No)
you we I Did they play football last week. she speak English yesterday? he it |
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Short answers: Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. Yes, they did. No, they didn’t |
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Специальные вопросы ( Wh-?)
Where did they speak English? Why did he speak English? With whom did she speak English?
Who__ spoke English yesterday? |
I 
I
Future Simple (Простое будущее) (tomorrow, soon,
next month, in a few days)
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will(shall) + V
+ |
- |
? |
We will (shall) speak English.
They She will speak English. He It |
We shall not (shan’t)
They She will not (won’t) speak English. He It |
Will (Shall) we speak English?
they Will she speak English? he it |
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Short answers: Yes, she will. No, she won’t. Yes, they will. No, they won’t |
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WH-?
Where will you go tomorrow? With whom will she go tomorrow?
Who will swim next week? |
I
You
I
will
not (won’t) speak
English
You
I
you
Present Continuous (Progressive) (настоящее длительное) (Now, at the moment, Look! Listen!)
Используется для описания действия, происходящего в момент речи.
-
am/is/are + Ving
+ |
- |
? |
You are reading now. They
She He is (It)
|
We You are not reading now. They
She He is (It)
|
Общие вопросы (Yes/No) Am I
we Are you reading now? they
Is he (it) |
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Short answers: Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. |
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Специальные вопросы (WH-?) 1) к сказуемому Where are they reading now? What is she reading now? 2) к подлежащему Who is reading now? |
I
am
We
I
am
she
Past Continuous (прошедшее длительное)
Используется, когда мы говорим о длительном действии, происходившем в определенный момент в прошлом.
((1)at 5 o’clock yesterday, from 5 till 7 o`clock yesterday, the whole day (evening) yesterday;
2) when mother came;
3) while we …, they…)
-
was/were + Ving
+ |
- |
? |
You were reading at 5o’clock yesterday. They
He was (It)
|
We You were not reading from They 2 till 4 o’clock yesterday.
She He was (It) |
Общие вопросы (Yes/No)
Were you reading they the whole day yesterday?
Was he (it) |
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Специальные вопросы (WH-?) 1) к сказуемому Where were they reading at 5o’clock yesterday? What was she reading at 5o’clock yesterday? 2) к подлежащему Who was reading at 5o’clock yesterday? |
I
was
We
She
I
was
Was
I
we
she
The Future Continuous Tense
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will/shall +be+Ving
+ |
- |
? |
We will (shall) be playing tennis at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
They She will be playing tennis at He 5 o’clock tomorrow. It
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We won’t (shan’t) be playing ten- nis at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
You They She won’t (shan’t) be playing at He 5 o’clock tomorrow. It
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(Will) We be playing tennis at 5 o’clock tomorrow?
they Will she be playing tennis at he 5 o’clock tomorrow? it
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WH-? What time will you be leaving tomorrow?
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I
You
I
Shall
I
you
Present Perfect (Resaltative) Tense (Настоящее совершенное)
Используется для описания действия, которое произошло в прошлом, но его последствия еще наблюдаются; или если период времени, в который произошло действие, не закончился)
(Already, ever, never, yet, just, lately, recently, this morning, this year, today, since, for)
-
have/has + V3
+ |
- |
? |
You III We have already watched a They new film.
She III He has just written the story. It |
You III We haven’t written the story. They
She III He hasn’t written the story. It |
you Have we III they written the story?
she Has he it |
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WH-? 1) к сказуемому Where have you been? Why has he written this letter?
2) к подлежащему Who has finished reading? |
I
I
I
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (for, since).
-
have/has been + Ving
+ |
- |
? |
I have been learning English for 5 years. He has been writing a letter since he came home. |
They haven’t been sleeping since 5. She hasn’t been working since 2 o’clock. |
Have they been playing football for an hour? Has he been watching TV long? |
The Past Perfect tense
(by 5 o’clock; by Sunday; by that time; by the end of the year; by the second of May
… when…; …after …; …before…)
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had + Ved/V3
+ |
- |
? |
My sister had left by the first of April. The train had already left when we arrived. After she had cried she felt better. |
The students hadn’t finished the test when the bell rang. When we arrived, the train hadn’t left yet. |
Had you read the book up to the end before she asked you for it? |
Passive Voice
The passive voice is used when we don’t know who did something or it is not important who did it.
Present Indefinite Passive is/are + V3 /Ved |
Past Indefinite Passive was/were + V3 /Ved |
Future Indefinite Passive shall/will be + V3 |
+ |
- |
? |
The table is made of wood. The newspapers are sold here.
The room was cleaned yesterday. These houses were built last century.
The letter will be posted tomorrow. |
The table isn’t made of plastic. The newspapers aren’t sold there.
The room wasn’t cleaned yesterday. These houses weren’t built last century.
The papers won’t be burnt. |
Yes/No -? Is the table made of plastic? Are the newspapers sold there?
Was the room cleaned yesterday? Were these houses built last century?
Shall I be asked any questions? |
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WH-? Where is French spoken? When are the newspapers brought? Where were the cartoons shown? |
Reported Speech