5. Revision (упражнения на повторение)

5.1. Active and passive (активный и пассивный залоги)

	Indefinite
			Active	Passive
	Present		We investigate such problems. Мы исследуем такие проблемы.	Such problems are investigated. Такие проблемы исследуются.
	Past		We investigated such problems. Мы исследовали такие проблемы.	Such problems were investigated. Такие проблемы исследовались.
	Future		We will investigate such problems. Мы будем исследовать такие проблемы.	Such problems will be investigated. Такие проблемы будут исследованы.
	Perfect
			Active		Passive
Present			We have investigated such problems. Мы уже исследовали такие проблемы (к настоящему моменту).		Such problems have been investigated. Такие проблемы уже исследованы (к настоящему моменту).
Past			We had investigated such problems. Мы уже исследовали такие проблемы (до определенного момента в прошлом)		Such problems had been investigated. Такие проблемы уже были исследованы (до определенного момента в прошлом)
Future			We will have investigated such problems. Мы уже проведем исследование таких проблем (до другого момента в будущем)		Such problems will have been investigated. Такие проблемы уже будут исследованы (до другого момента в будущем).
Continuous
		Active				Passive
Present		We are investigating the problem. Мы (сейчас) исследуем эту проблему.				The problem is being investigated. Проблему (сейчас) исследуют.
Past		We were investigating the problem. Мы исследовали проблему (в то время).				The problem was being investigated. Проблему исследовали (в то время).
Future		We will be investigating the problem. Мы будем исследовать проблему (в тот момент в будущем)				–

Упражнение 1

Переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму глаголов и залог.

1. What is this square called?

2. When he was alive, he was interested in chess.

3. What are you surprised at?

4. They have been looked for since morning

5. I have never met him.

6. Не held out his hand to stop the taxi.

7. I am afraid he will be surprised at this.

8. The carpets must be laid in our flat by Monday.

9. Autumn’s come. It’s getting colder, the days are getting shorter. It will be very cold soon.

10. I am doing my homework at six o'clock tomorrow.

11. They believed he had been forced to lie.

12. It is too ear­ly. She never sleeps at this time.

13. A skateboard was being made for Tim.

14. He was reading a book when I came yesterday.

15. She is often spoken about.

Упражнение 2

Заполните нижеследующий текст, ставя глаголы в скобках в правильную видовременную форму.

In 1894 a steamship (пароход) ………… (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean from England to America. The sun …………… (shine) and a gentle breeze ……………… (blow). The ship ………….. (sail) for three weeks and was halfway to its destination – New York. The passengers …………..(relax) on deck when suddenly they …………… (hear) a loud bang. They all ………. (jump) up, ……… (run) to the edge of the boat and …………… (look) over the side. To their horror they saw that they …………… (hit) some hard object which ……… (tear) a hole in the side of the ship. Water …………. (pour) into the steamship at an alarming (тревожный) speed. Fortunately another ship arrived half an hour later, just in time to save everyone on board.

Упражнение 3

Выберите правильный вариант.

1. She______always______in Moscow.

a) lives b) has lived c) has been living d) has live

2. How long______you______Kate?

a) did know b) have been knowing c) have known d) do known

3. I______here all my life.

a) have lived b) have living c) am living d) live

4. Kate has lost her passport again, it is the second time this ______.

a) happens b) has happened c) happened d) is happening

5. The boy sitting next to me on the plane was nervous be­cause he______before.

a) has not flown b) did not fly c) had not flown d) has not been flying

6. We are late. The film______by the time we get to the cinema.

a) will be already started b) will already start c) will already have started

d) already will start

7. Don't worry______late tonight.

a) if I'll be b) if I am c) when I'll be d) if I be

8. She is going on holiday. This time next week she______on a beach or______in the sea.

a) is going to lay, swim b) will be lying, swimming c) will lie, swim

d) is lying, swimming

9. We______for a walk when it______raining.

a) will go, will stop b) will go, stops c) are going, will stop d) go, stops

10. I'm going to read a lot of books while I______on holi­day.

a) am b) will be c) would be d) am going to be

Упражнение 4

Передайте следующие предложе­ния в Passive Voice.

Образец: We often speak about her. — She is often spoken about.

1. We thought about our friend all the time.

2. The doctor will operate on him in a week.

3. I spent all my money on books last month.

4. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.

5. Nobody lived in that old house.

6. The neighbor asked for the telegram.

7. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.

8. The senior students laughed at the freshman.

9. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject.

10. I don't think we shall finish all the preparations today.

11. Have you written the letter yet?

12. The boys will paint the roof of the house.

13. The girl has put all the books into the bookcase.

14. I did not leave the window open.

15. They water the flowers regularly.

Упражнение 5

Выберите правильную форму активного и пассивного залога.

1. Detroit ..... Motown in the past.

a) was called b) is called c) called 

2. Hundreds of people ..... by the new factory this year.  

a) are employed b) were employed c) have been employed  

3. This is a large hall. Many parties ..... here.

a) are held b) are being held c) has been held  

4. This dictionary ..... a week ago.  

a) published b) has published c) was published  

5. A famous architect ..... the bridge.  

a) was built b) built c) have built  

6. Two men tried to sell a painting that ......  

a) was stolen b) had been stolen c) had stolen  

7. Local police ..... the bank robber.  

a) have been arrested b) have arrested c) was arrested  

8. The bridge ..... by tomorrow morning.  

a) will have been reconstructed b) is being reconstructed c) will be reconstructed  

9. When I came to the party, John ..... home.  

a) had already been gone b) had already gone c) was gone

10. A seat belt ... even if you are sitting in the back seat.

a) must be worn b) must be wearing c) must wear

Упражнение 6

Переведите текст. Определите видовременные формы и залог выделенных глаголов.

Walt Disney, 1901-1966: It All Started with a Mouse

Millions of people have seen Disney films and television programs. They have made friends with all the Disney heroes and millions more have visited the company's major entertainment parks. Probably no other company has pleased so many children. It is not surprising that it has been called a dream factory.

Walter Elias Disney was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1901.  His family moved to the state of Missouri where he grew up on a farm. He studied art in Chicago and later helped to make cartoon advertisements in the Kansas City Film Ad Company. In 1923, Walt Disney moved to Hollywood.  He decided to make animated movies.

Disney opened his first movie company in the back of an office. He worked with Ub Iwerks, another young artist.  They often saw mice running in and out of the old building where they worked. So they drew a cartoon mouse. It was not exactly like a real mouse. It stood on two legs like a human and it wore white gloves on its hands. The artists called him "Mickey." Mickey soon was joined by several other cartoon creatures (the female mouse called "Minnie", the duck named "Donald," with his sailor clothes and funny voice, the dog called Pluto).

Mickey Mouse cartoons were extremely popular.  But Walt Disney wanted to make other kinds of animated movies, too.  In the middle 1930s, he was working on his first full-length animated movie "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (completed in 1937). Many movie experts say Disney's art of animation reached its highest point in 1940 with the movie "Pinocchio."  Disney's artists drew 2,5 million pictures to make it. Its imaginary world looked very real. 

Movie experts say Walt Disney was responsible for the development of the art of animation.  Disney's artists tried to put life into every drawing.  That meant they had to feel all the emotions of the cartoon creatures.  Happiness. Sadness.  Anger.  Fear.  The artists looked in a mirror and expressed each emotion.  A smile.  Tears.  A red face.  Wide eyes.  Then they drew that look on the face of each cartoon creature.

In addition to cartoons, Walt Disney produced many movies and television programs with real actors and produced movies about wild animals in their natural surroundings.  Real or imaginary, all his programs had similar ideas.  In most of them, innocence, loyalty and family love were threatened by evil forces.  Sad things sometimes happened.  But there were always funny incidents and creatures.  In the end, good always won over evil.  Disney won thirty-two Academy Awards for his movies and for scientific and technical inventions in filmmaking.

In 1955, Walt Disney opened an entertainment park not far from Hollywood, California.  He called it "Disneyland."  He wanted it to be the happiest place on Earth.  Disneyland recreated imaginary places from Disney movies.  Actors dressed like all the Disney cartoon creatures walked around the park shaking hands.

The man who had started it all, Walt Disney, died in 1966.  But the company he began continues to help people escape the problems of life through its movies and entertainment parks.