I. Vocabulary

A. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian:

to arrange along a scale; far-reaching; interactive; to wage struggle; to gain advantage (+over smb.); to enhance cooperation; array of smth; to this (that) end; to fall within; to obligate smb to do smth; to concede sovereignty; to abide by law; a weak directorate organization; annual average volume; broad area of maritime regulation; to surrender smth to smb; a stepping-stone (+to; towards); to be apt to (+infinitive); a host of; seabed mining and fishery; to run off into; indiscriminately; an ever-expanding network; a dumping ground; mediation; conciliation; coercion; to enforce a law;

B. Find in the text English equivalents for:

круг мероприятий, имеющих большое будущее; вовсю, в большом количестве; выходить за пределы; заверять кого-либо в своей преданности; возражать против чего-либо; отвлекать внимание от чего-либо; санкционировать действия; партнерские отношения; живые ресурсы моря; загрязнение моря с суши; зона водоохранных мероприятий; нормоустановительные соглашения; сила, заключенная в самой себе; быть вне чего-либо; степень распределения властных полномочий между…

II. Answer the questions:

1. Enumerate the roles that IGOs are supposed to play

2. Speaking about interactive arena, what are the advantages and disadvantages of IGOs in this respect?

3. Why is it necessary for the countries to cooperate?

4. What is the regime theory?

5. How does the regime of Oceans and Seas work? Does it bring fruit?

6. What is the main object of independent international actor?

7. Why do you think the states are not eager to concede their sovereignty to IGOs? Express your attitude to this problem.

8. What are the pros and cons of one-world idea? (world government)

9. Whose point of view seems closer to you?

10. Do you think it is possible for the global government to appear?

11. What type of government can be there?

III. Comment on the following phrases from the text and the quotations:

• "To jaw-jaw is better than to war-war"

• The object [of IGOs] is to teach and allow, not to force states to work together

• As much as we may want to withdraw into a world of pure problem solving, we have to acknowledge that the most successful architectures are the ones you can actually convince someone to implement. (Jesse J.Garrett)

• When you have an accident, they will save their own people, and those who have worked with you or with the NGOs are left. Unfortunately, this happens always. It is not an excuse at all. (Boutros-Boutros Ghali)

• NGOs have a significant role to play, alongside governments, in improving the status of women. (Jenny Shipley)

• Alliances and international organizations should be understood as opportunities for leadership and a means to expand our influence, not as constraints on our power. (Chuck Hagel)

IV. Suggested activities for students:

1. Gradually through history our primary political loyalty has shifted from smaller units such as tribes and villages to larger units, especially countries. Some people believe that this trend should continue and that a world government should be established. What do you think about this idea? Would it help solve global concerns? Give your pros and cons of this conception. Propose ways of establishing world government (if you think it possible to be established).

2. Are IGOs the only means to solve world problems? Can you suggest any other alternatives? Are there some services that only NGOs can provide?

3. Can NGOs and IGOs expand operations without becoming bureaucratic?

4. Does operational expansion by NGOs displace the state and strengthen policies of liberalization and unfettered markets?

5. Scan media reports from an IGO meeting. Can yow find any evidence that this organization over time has contributed to a change in expectations? Explain your response

6. There are plenty of IGOs nowadays and they are still increasing in number. But the amount of problems doesn't seem to decrease. How would you account for this? Does the work of IGOs always bring fruit? Give examples to support your position.

7. Prepare a report on the activity of any IGO/NGO (but for the UN and the EU) whose activity seems to you most important. Dwell upon its contribution to solving global problems.

8. Is global politics still a matter of “politics among nations” and have key functions of governance been transferred to authorities higher than national governments? The task here is to explore these issues with reference to your own country’s government. To help your inquiries, it is suggested that you consider the answers to the following questions:

• To what major IOs does your government belong? What are the powers of these IOs?

• Is membership of these institutions a matter of domestic political debate? If so, what are the parameters of that debate?

• Has your government been an active sponsor of international collaboration of any sort? If so, what ate the arguments used by leading politicians to justify such activity?

• Do governing elites in your country think that they still possess sovereignty? Or do they admit that there are certain forces beyond their control?

If you prefer, you can focus on a particular issue areas. Engagement in regional economic blocs or attitudes to global environmental cooperation spring to mind as good case studies.

9. Choose one of the topics and write an essay:

   • Creation of an ideal IGO – is it possible or not?

   • Is it possible to overcome seemingly incompatible differences of the world (e.g in religion; economy, etc)

   • Are we ready to pledge allegiance to the United States of the World?