Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Globalization.docx
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
01.07.2025
Размер:
578.6 Кб
Скачать

I. Vocabulary

A. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian:

wild inflation; to suspend the con­vertibility; rival monetary blocs; with smb(smth) in the lead; to be "as good as gold"; precipitously; fixed convertibility; to hold surplus dollars; gold standard; "free-floating" currency relations; money managers; to create demand; a limited supply; to stand at (about membership); to maintain currency-exchange stability; orderly currency relations; the global marketplace; day-to-day business; to derive operating funds; a country's rational income; to be given a larger voice; needy countries; average, or market basket; to counter the price change; to halt instability; to be paltry compared to; to work at odds with; a pooling arrangement; to overcome short-term deficit; a lender of last resort; economic downturn; a credit union; credit tranche; outstanding credits and loans;

B. Find in the text English equivalents for:

Объем (уровень) международных финансовых сделок; состояние дел международной кредитно-денежной системы было близко к хаосу; открытая экономическая война; международный экономический оборот (взаимообмен); состояние платежного баланса; избыточное предложение доллара; изымать доллары из обращения; колебания относительной стоимости мировых валют; регулировать курсы мировых валют; будучи созданной в рамках коммерческого либерализма; способствовать развитию международного сотрудничества в сфере валютных отношений; вводить (устанавливать) многостороннюю систему расчетов; сокращать продолжительность и снижать уровень экономического неравновесия; получать финансовые средства из резервов; недопустимое снижение стоимости валюты; многосторонний форум для консультаций стран мира по основным финансовым вопросам; единый (общий) запас (пул) денежных средств; рефинансировать долг;

II. Answer the questions:

  1. What were the preconditions for creating the IMF?

  2. When and how was the IMF established?

  3. What is the essence of the Bretton Woods System (BWS)?

  4. What did the workability of the BWS depend on?

  5. Why did the BWS collapse?

  6. When was the gold standard abandoned?

  7. Did the appearance of a new system tell on the IMF’s importance? Why?

  8. How did the situation with exchange rates stand after the collapse of the BWS?

  9. Why were the fluctuations so large?

  10. How can monetary exchange rates be managed?

  11. When did the IMF start operations?

  12. How many countries are there in the IMF?

  13. Who is the current managing director of the IMF?

  14. What was the purpose of the IMF at it origin?

  15. Has its role changed since those times? Why?

  16. What are the IMF’s ends according to the Articles of Agreement?

  17. How does the IMF work?

  18. What is the purpose of the SDRs?

  19. Are the SDRs enough to halt instability? Why?

  20. How can the IMF provide exchange stability?

  21. What is the IMF depending on its functions?

III. Comment on the following quotations:

  • Despite a decade of criticism and budget cuts, the specialized UN agencies have far more expertise and hands-on experience than any other organizations in the world. (Jeffrey Sachs)

  • The world is governed by institutions that are not democratic - the World Bank, the IMF, the WTO. (Jose Saramago)

  • This plays very well politically in those countries. Prepaying the IMF is declaring independence. (Desmond Lachman)

  • Just having MIGA and the World Bank name associated with the project is a deterrent to potential political problems. (Moshe Levin)

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]