The Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns

Myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

U

-ся

sed after the verbs: amuse, blame, cut, dry, enjoy, hurt, introduce

I enjoyed myself very much at the party.

Jim prides himself on his cooking.

U

Сам/а

sed after the prepositions.

Look after yourself! Take care of yourself! She lives by herself. She made the dress by herself.

They are NOT used after: feel, relax, concentrate, wash, dress, shave, behave.

I got up, washed, shaved and dressed quickly.

Но: Wash yourself! Dress yourself! Shave yourself! Behave yourself!

Ex.7. Replace the words in bold type by expressions with reflexive pronouns

1. I saw it with my own eyes. 2. You needn’t come in person. 3. He left us alone. 4. She lives on her own. 5. Did you study English without a teacher? 6. The girl apologized for her behavior. 7. We were quite alone in the room. 8. Take the cake, please. 9. They divided the work between each other. 10. It is your own fault.

Indefinite Pronouns

+	Some	I have some books.
-	Any	I haven’t any books.
?	any	Do you have any books?

Some is used

1. In affirmative sentences

2. In requests

3. In the meaning «некоторый»

Any is used

1. In negatives and questions

2. After conjunction ‘if’

3. With the words «hardly», «at all»

Ex. 8 Fill in the blanks with some, any, no

1. Unfortunately, they have got … money. 2. She wanted … stamps, but there were not … in the machine. 3. Is there … salt on the table? – No, there isn’t. 4. I’d like to buy … new clothes, but I haven’t … money. 5. When would you like to come? - … days would suit me. 6. If you had … sense you wouldn’t have left your car unlocked. 7. She did not answer all the letters because she had … time. 8. Do you have … small change? – Hardly … . 9. He returned home without … money. 10. Could you help me? I have … problems with my research.

+	Something	Somebody/someone	Somewhere
?	Anything	Anybody/ anyone	Anywhere
-	Nothing	Nobody/ no one	Nowhere

Ex.9 Make the sentences interrogative and negative.

1. He lives somewhere near here. 2. Something fell on the floor in the kitchen. 3. Somebody from the Department of Education is here. 4. There is something in what he says. 5. They knew something about it. 6. There is something in the room. 7. I want to tell you something. 8. Someone is knocking at the door. 9. I saw this man somewhere. 10. Something has happened to her.

Ex.10 Replace no by not…any

1. She has got no English books. 2. I have got no friends here. 3. She has no more money. 4. I have got no cousins. 5. They have got no children. 6. There are no boys and girls in the house. 7. He has got no toys to play with. 8. I have got no green ink. 9. I see no books on the table. 10. I want no more, thank you.

Defining Pronouns

all, everybody, everything, everyone

С исчисляемыми существительными во мн.ч. all (the)	С исчисляемыми в един.ч. The whole	В роли подлежащего, дополнения everybody/one/thing
All the books have been sold. All plants need water.	Have you read the whole book?	Everybody thinks that he knows everything.

Ex. 11 Put in each, every, everyone, everything, all or whole.

JIM MEETS JAMES

I’ve just heard the … story of the Lewis twins from Ohio, who were adopted by different families at birth and who met each other for the first time at the age of 39. …. Wanted to know if they had anything in common. They had! They had … married a woman called Linda. … of them had been divorced and married another woman called Betty. They couples who adopted them had … called them ‘Jim’. Many similar things happened to them … their lives. The …. List is endless. Almost … experience they had had was the same: there were exact parallels for … they had ever done. As Jim said when he first met James, ‘It wasn’t like meeting a stranger!’

Each	Ограниченное число лиц или предметов – each student in our group has this book.
Every	Неограниченное число предметов – I see him every day. We go out every Friday.

Ex. 12 Choose Each/ every

1. …child wants to visit Disneyland. 2. … witness was questioned in turn. 3. They … have a comfortable flat. 4. You can come here … day. 5. … of us would be happy to help you. 6. … patient wants to be healthy. 7. Planes fly to St. Petersburg … hour.