Глава 2. Сша

Warming-up

Задание 1. Заполните ассоциограмму

The USA

Задание 2. Прочитайте следующие слова, переведите их без словаря.

Continent, state, ocean, west, north, central, Pacific Ocean, south, east, War of Independence, colony, federal union, District of Columbia, square kilometers, population, million, climate, condition, industrial branches, aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio engineering, textile, leather, footwear, food, oil, gas, iron ore, coal.

Задание 3. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речью являются подчеркнутые слова.

1. Canada in the North and Mexico in the South are the only countries that have borders with the USA.

2. In the War of Independence (1775-1783) it became independent.

3. It is at the same time one of the hottest and one of the coldest countries; one of the wettest and one of the driest.

4. You know that the flag of the USA, the “stars and stripes” has 50 stars on a blue background.

5. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, the Supreme Court are all in Washington, D.C.

Задание 4. Почитайте и переведите текст.

The United States of America.

The United States of America is the 4^th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It lies in the central part of the North American Continent between the two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean in the East and the Pacific Ocean in the West.

Canada in the North and Mexico in the South are the only countries that have borders with the USA.

Once the country was an English colony. In the War of Independence (1775-1783) it became independent. Now the United States of America is a federal union of 50 states plus one independent district – the District of Columbia.

The total area of the USA is about 9 million square kilometers. The population is about 230 million people.

The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers, the longest of which are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachian, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is in Alaska.

The climate conditions are rather various. On the whole the USA has a continental climate. It is at the same time one of the hottest and one of the coldest countries; one of the wettest and one of the driest. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio engineering and others. Being well developed light industry includes textile, leather and footwear industries. The food industry is also well developed.

The capital of the USA is the city of Washington situated in the District of Columbia. The population of Washington, D.C., is about 605000 (2010) and together with and together with the suburbs (metropolitan area) its population is about 3 million. Washington is like no other city of the USA. You know that the flag of the USA, the “stars and stripes” has 50 stars on a blue background. Each of these stars represents one of the fifty states. But the city of Washington is not in any of those states. It belongs to all of them. Washington is the seat of government of the nation. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, the Supreme Court are all in Washington, D.C. New York is a center of finance, of shipping, of fun; New Orleans deals in cotton; Chicago will sell you wheat and cattle.

Задание 5. Проанализируйте текст по следующему алгоритму:

6. Определите предмет мысли (о чем речь).

7. Разделите текст на логические части, произведите сортировку материала, отделив второстепенное.

8. Дайте название каждой логической части.

9. Найдите ключевые слова и понятия.

10. Обозначьте смысловые опорные пункты для краткого пересказа.

Название части	Ключевые слова и понятия

Задание 6. Составьте словосочетания, использую слова из обеих колонок, переведите их.

united	country
central	climate
Pacific	conditions
War	Lake
square	kilometers
Great	Ocean
climate	part
continental	Independence
agricultural	engineering
mineral	resources
radio	state

Задания 7. Закончите предложения.

1. ……….. is the 4^th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China.

2. ……. lies in the central part of the North American Continent.

3. The highest mountains are ………………………..

4. The biggest rivers are……………………………..

5. The climate of the USA is……………………

6. The population in the USA is …………………….

7. The USA is a highly developed ……………

8. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers of……

9. The capital of the USA is ……….. situated in the District of Columbia.

GOVERNMENT IN THE USA.

Задание 1. Прочитайте следующие слова, переведите их без словаря и объясните их значение.

problem

continental

group

republican

territory

function

nation

national

president

federal

constitution

individual

democratic

ocean

dispute

cabinet

vice-president

international

to form

congress

Задание 2. Найдите в словаре значение следующих слов. Выучите их.

1. judge, veto, budget, armed forces, military forces, treaties, taxes

2. remove, declare, raise, support, maintain, regulate, print, propose

3. to carry out, to make up

Задание 3. Прочитайте и переведите текст.