4 Read the text again, complete the statement with a suitable ending (a-I).

1. New knowledge

2. Questionnaire

3. Secondary sources

4. Research based on studying the essence of objects and events

5. Research which attempts to solve problems

6. Research in the Sciences and the Humanities

1. provide a contextual background of a research

2. is called critical review

3. is created through research

4. is presented in a written form

5. is called applied research

6. is one of the research tools

7. is categorized as explanation

8. is referred to as basic research

9. may have different focus and methodology

Vocabulary

1 Scan the text and circle the words which have the following meaning.

1. to spread information, knowledge, etc. so that it reaches many people

2. a small group of people specially chosen to represent different social classes, etc. who are asked to discuss and give their opinion about a particular subject

3. the process of talking a sample

4. the possible reason for not applying the findings/results of the research

5. a formal speech is made in front of the audience

6. a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document

7. a rule, fact or condition that limits something

8. to use something such as a skill, method, etc. for a particular purpose

2 Review the words described and fill in the gaps using the suitable ones.

1. The article should have an ………………. at the beginning.

2. These findings have been widely ……………….. .

3. The ………….. ……………. made an impression on the audience.

4. Having decided on the ‘……………… …………….’ of the experiment, the scientist s moved on to the next step of the research process.

5. The writer has considered the possible ……………….. to the assumptions.

6. The research methodology implied the …………… of the method discussed.

7. The researcher analysed the statistical ……………… .

8. When applying the ‘new knowledge’ represented in the paper, the possible …………………. of conclusions were considered.

A SCHEME OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Using the information provided, create a scheme or a map of the research process.

COMMUNICATION Generate and swap ideas on the following issues:

1. How can the researchers map out the field of the study?

2. What does the concept ‘problem’ mean? What is the meaning of a ‘gap’ in the field of study?

3. If you were a researcher in Foreign Languages education, what would you like to study? Why?

4. What problems in Foreign Languages education need researching?

5. What do you know about levels of methodology (philosophical, general scientific, concrete scientific, and technological)?

6. What are the main aspects of the modern cognitive lingua-cultural methodology?

PRAGMATICS ACTIVISATION: WRITING

Create a scheme or a map of a research process: transform the information provided in the text into a graphic form using one of the types of graphic organizers. Consult the ‘Writing Bank’ section.

PROJECT

1 Analyse one research paper (article, course paper, diploma project, master degree thesis, etc.) according to the outline given in the text ‘What is Research?’.

2. Write a report (in 300-350 words), describing the structure and the content of the research, as well as stating its significance in science and Foreign Languages Education. Consult the ‘Writing Bank’ section.

‘CONCEPT CARDS’

1 Choose one of the concepts and create the ‘concept card’ for 7-10 terms:

1. S cience

2. Research

3. Education

4. Scientific Literacy

5. Information Society

2 Swap concept cards and present one concept.

A SAMPLE OF A CONCEPT CARD

Summary	Definition	Important features
Relationships to other concepts	Write a Concept	Examples

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INFORMATION-ACCUMULATION: READING

1 Look at the title of the text and say how you understand what scientific literacy is.