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2 Summarize the text in one paragraph (about 50-100 words).

3 Write an analytical overview (200-250 words) of the information provided using the four steps listed below.

  1. Identify the stance, position and perspective of the writer

  2. Identify the evidence used to support the position

  3. Evaluate the evidence

  4. Evaluate the writer’s position

LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 Study the excerpt and complete the gaps with suitable language forms. Refer to the information on ‘Modifying Comparisons’

Both US and Chinese schools systems have strengths and weaknesses. For instance, teachers in China are given (1) …………… respect then teachers in the US. They do not take taxes on their salary, and they receive their national holiday. In addition, the work ethic is (2) ……………. (hard) in Chinese schools than in the US schools, which results in student success. Segregation of high achieving students from low achieving students in the Chinese schools is (3) …………in the US. US universities and colleges have the reputation of being (4) …………… in the world. While American students have the same amount of allocated time as the Chinese students, the amount of engaged time spent in schools is (5)………………. than their Chinese counterparts.

[62]Tara L. Van Schaack.

Comparing U.S. and Chinese Public School Systems, 2015

Modifying Comparisons

  1. to express a big difference, we can use

  • a great deal, (quite) a lot, considerably, far, (very) much + comparative

It’s much more effective to create an association map of the text to remember it.

  • by far (and away), easily + superlative

This is by far the best conclusion of the thesis.

  • nothing like, not nearly, nowhere near as ………. as

Writing a letter is nowhere near as difficult as writing a research paper.

  • just about + superlative

The technology was just about the most suitable with the learners of that grade.

  1. to express a small difference, we can use

  • barely, a bit, hardly any, a little, scarcely (any), slightly, somewhat + comparative

That term is scarcely longer than the previous one.

  • nearly, not quite as ……….. as, much the same as

The latter results were not quite as corresponding as the initial ones.

2 Read the sentences and choose the correct word or phrase:

  1. The topic for the discussion turned out to be by far / much more controversial.

  2. It was just about / very much the best activity to develop the communicative competence.

  3. This room is slightly / by far and away more spacious than that one.

  4. Your description essay is easily / considerably better than the previous disposition essay.

  5. The argument was considered to be barely / by far the most crucial.

3 Revise the form and use of ways of modifying comparisons and write a passage (100-150 words) describing the linguistic education in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom, using the structures mentioned above.

INFORMATION-ACCUMULATION: READING

1 Discuss the following issues.

  1. What do you know about foreign language education in the United States?

  2. What languages are taught in educational institutions in the United States?

  3. Would you comment on the words of Leon Panetta, Former Secretary of Defense at the beginning of the article?

2 Read the text and find the answers to the questions.