3. Глаголы, которые не употребляются в Present Continuous

Глаголы, перечисленные ниже, не употребляются во временах группы Continuous. Как правило, данные глаголы употребляются во временах группы Indefinite. Это объясняется тем, что данные глаголы отражают чувства и состояния, а не действия.

Например:

• I am wanting some coffee (неверно)

• I want some coffee (верно)

Чувство/восприятие to feel* – чувствовать to hear – слышать to see* – видеть to smell – чувствовать запах to taste – пробовать (на вкус) Мнение to assume – допускать, предполагать to believe – верить to consider – полагать, считать to doubt – сомневаться to find (= to consider) – считать to suppose – предполагать to think – думать Состояние ума to forget – забывать to imagine – воображать to know – знать to mean – иметь в виду to notice – замечать to recognise – узнавать to remember – помнить to understand – понимать

Эмоции/желания to envy – завидовать to fear – бояться to dislike – испытывать неприязнь to hate – ненавидеть to hope – надеяться to like – любить, нравиться to love – любить to mind – возражать to prefer – предпочитать to regret – сожалеть to want – хотеть to wish – желать Измерение to contain – содержать в себе to cost – стоить to hold – содержать в себе, вмещать to measure – измерять to weigh – весить Другие to seem – казаться to have (when it means "to possess")* – иметь, обладать to belong – принадлежать

*Исключения Глаголы восприятия (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) обычно употребляются с can: I can see... – Я вижу...Эти глаголы могут употребляться и в Continuous, но с другим значением. This coat feels nice and warm – Эта куртка кажется (ощущается) теплой и симпатичной. (ощущение качеств куртки) John's feeling much better now – Сейчас Джон чувствует себя намного лучше. (его здоровье улучшается) She has three dogs and a cat – У нее есть три собаки и кошка. (владение чем-либо) She's having supper – Она ужинает. (она ест) I can see Anthony in the garden – Я вижу Энтони в саду. (восприятие) I'm seeing Anthony later – Я встречусь с Энтони позже. (мы планируем встретиться)

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using Present continuous tense

1. Now it’s 7 o’clock. My brother (to get up).

2. We (to go) to the cinema now.

3. He (to go) to the theatre tonight (сегодня вечером).

4. They (to have) classes at this moment.

5. He is on watch now. He (to navigate) the ship.

6. Listen! He (to tell) about his voyages.

7. We (to call) at the port now.

8. We (to sail) on board ship. We (to have) a good time.

9. Our liner (to put) to sea at this moment.

10. He is busy. He(to revise) the radiogram.

11. He is on the bridge. He(to keep) watch.

12. They (to discuss) different problems in English now.

13. They (to go) to the port now.

Exercise 2. Complete general questions.

1. They are discussing the latest news.

2. We are listening to the records now.

3. He is revising grammar rules now.

4. She is watching a film in English.

5. He is retelling the text.

6. We are sailing on board a passenger liner.

7. They are waiting for their master.

8. We are speaking English now.

9. They are playing basketball now.

10. He is looking at the blackboard.

11. They are having classes now.

12. He is revising some poems (стихотворения) now.

13. She is learning some rules.

14. The lesson is beginning.

15. My father is looking through the newspaper.

Exercise 3. Put the sentences in negative form.

1. The cadet is reporting to the teacher now.

2. We are having a grammar test now.

3. He is navigating the ship now.

4. He is reading a maritime journal.

5. They are listening to the radio.

6. The ship is calling at the port.

7. We are entering the classroom.

8. The teacher is asking some questions.

9. We are having some classes.

10. They are revising some notes.

11. She is having breakfast now.

12. He is collecting some things for college.

13. They are speaking English now.

14. I am repairing the car.

15. We are defining the ship’s position.

16. The ship is putting to sea tomorrow.

17. He is speaking to his teacher.

18. They are transmitting radio-telegrams.

19. She is writing a letter.

20.He is working at the port.

Exercise 4 .Choose corresponding word

1. What are you (to look at, to look through)? — I (to look at, to look through) the blackboard. 2. This journal is very interesting. I am going to (to look at, to look through i it today. 3. (Look! See!) Mary is (to enter, to come) into the class-room. 4. This ship is (to enter, to come) the port now. — I (to see, to look). 5. Please, (to repeat, to revise) these words after me. 6. You don’t know these rules well. It is necessary for you (to repeat, to revise) them. 7. I’d like (to tell, to speak) you about my college. 8. Do you (to speak, to tell) English?

Exercise 5. Translate into English

1. У нас уроки английского языка дважды в неделю

2. Вы говорите по-английски? — Да, немного. 3. Какой язык вы изучаете? 4. Мы хотим овладеть английски языком, и поэтому мы упорно работаем. 5. Кого вы жде те? — Мы ждем своего преподавателя. 6. Сейчас 9 часов утра, наш преподаватель входит в класс. 7. На уроках английского языка мы читаем и переводим тексты с английского языка на русский и делаем много упражнсений. 8. Что вы сейчас делаете? — Мы слушаем магнитофонные записи на английском языке. Мы собираемся их потом обсудить.

Exercise 6. Open the brackets using the verb in proper tense ( Present Simple/present Continuous)

1.He (to study ) at the Maritime College.

2. They (to learn) some new rules every lesson.

3. This ship (to call) at many ports every year.

4. Look The ship ( to call) at the port.

5. He to read a book in English every evening.

6. He (to read) a maritime journal now.

7. The Second Mate (to finish) to make the cargo plan at the moment.

8. He (to define) the ship’s position now.

9. He (to define) the ship’s position very often.

10. It’s 8.30. The cadet –on-duty (to clean) the blackboard.

Exercise 7. Open the brackets using the verb in proper tense

My friend often (to sail) on board a passenger liner. His liner (to call) at many ports of different countries of the world. He (to know) English well. It is an international maritime language. Seamen of all countries of the world (to speak) English when they are in foreign ports.

Now my friend (to tell) his friends about his voyages. They (to listen) to him very attentively. They (to like) the story very much. They all (to know) that English is important for their future profession and they all (to want) to know it well.

My friend and his friends (to study) at the Maritime College in Moscow. They (to study) many subjects . But they (to have) English twice a wek. At the lessons they (to read) and (to translate) texts from English into Russian. They also (to write) many dictations and (to do) many grammar exercises.

Now my friend (to finish) his story and (to be going to) show his friends some photos. He took these photos in St. Peterburg. While the young men (to look through) the photos, my friend (to tell) them about this city. They (to listen) to him and (to ask) many questions. Now he (to tell) them mthat St. Peterburg (to be) an industrial and cultural centre. It (to be) also a sea and river port.

Exercise 8. Put the verb in proper tense) Present Simple or Present Continuous)

lift use overtake need carry stop give wash be prepare plan change work go want take

1. The AB seamen the deck at the moment.

2. It's cargo loading operation and one of the cranes cargo onboard.

3. The Master to order some more pyrotechnics next month.

4. The mooring winch badly and our Master very angry.

5. We the container ship on our starboard side.

6. They lifeboats for launching to save the man overboard.

7. I to ask the Master to check my passage plan now.

8. The wind its direction.

9. the main engine immediately!

10. They their position and speed by VHF at the moment.

11. I often a radar.

12.The bridge cleaning.

13. Our vessel sand in bulk.

14. all necessary actions to avoid a collision.

15.Where you ?

Unit 7. In the messroom . Ordering provision

Exercise 1. Read and translate the words.

ham sausage

fish pie

egg tea

mushroom orange

cheese coffee

soup rice

streak milk

chicken sugar

tomato cake

ice cream corn

juice flour

carrot apple

banana potato

bread lemon

Exercise 2. How’s your food? Listen to the cassette. Repeat the phrases

It’s delicious! It’s great! It’s good! It’s terrible! It’s awful! It’s horrible!

Exercise 3. Do the men like their food? Listen to the cassette and fill the gaps . Repeat the sentences.

This fish is ___________________.

This bread is __________________.

This chicken is ____________________.

This coffee is _____________________.

This ice-cream is _________________.

Can I have same more juice. It’s ________________

Exercise 4. Listen to the cassette and answer the questions you hear. Use the phases in Exercise 2

Example: Do you like chocolate? Yes, it’s delicious!

Exercise 5. What’s for lunch? The Cook and the Bosun are talking about lunch. What food do they talk about? Circle the words you hear

orange juice, steak, sugar, potatoes, fish, flour, coffee, tea, rice, bread, tomato, soup, cheese, chicken, carrots, apple juice

Exercise 6. Listen again. Answer these questions.

1. Does the Bosun like chicken? ________Yes, he does______________

2. What type of soup is it? _____________________________________

3. Where is the juice? _______________________________________

4. How much chicken does the Bosun want? ______________________

5. Which vegetable does the Bosun want? ________________________

6. Is the cutlery on the table? __________________________________

Exercise 7. Three seafarers are having lunch. They are talking about the food. How do they ask for things? Listen and complete the dialogue

Simon: ___Could I have some___ salt, please?

Richard: Here you are. Yeah, this soup needs it. It’s awful!

Simon: How’s the fish today?

Alan: It’s delicious! I’d like some more. ___________ fish?

Cook: Yeah, coming up.

Richard: ____________________ salad, please?

Alan: Here you go. It’s good today. ______________________ oil with it?

Richard: No. I’m fine, thanks.

Cook: Would anyone like some coffee?

Simon: I’d like some, please. __________________sugar?

Cook: Yeah, it’s on the table.

Alan: So it is. Mmmm. This coffee is great.

Exercise 8. Read the answers. Write the questions.

1. (bread) ____Do you have any bread______________________________?

2. (juice) Of course. Here you are.__________________________________?

3. (milk) Yes. Here you are. ______________________________________?

4. (chicken) ____________________________________________________?

5. (ice cream) Yes. Would you like one or two pieces? _________________?

6. (apples) No, I think it’s horrible! _________________________________?

7. (fish) Yes, they’re on the table. _________________________________? Yes, it’s great!

Exercise 9. Read the dialog and play it with a study partner.

Cook: Good afternoon, Sir. I'd like to order some food for the ship, please.

Supplier: All right. Let's see your list. OK. First item: 25 kilos of onions. . .

Cook: Yes.

Supplier: And 50 kilos of potatoes?

Cook: Yes. And also 25 kilos of carrots.

Supplier: OK. Potatoes and carrots. What about meat?

Cook: Let's see. . . enough for 25 men. So that's 50 kilos of frozen chicken and 100 kilos of fish.

Supplier: Very good. Tea, coffee, juice?

Cook: Yes. All three. I'd like 500 litres of juice, 5 kilos of tea, and 10 kilos of coffee.

Supplier: No problem. Anything else?

Cook: No. That's all for now, thank you.

Supplier: OK, then. Are you going to pay in cash?

Cook: Yes.

Supplier: Right. That'll be $610.

Cook: $610 - OK. Thank you. Bye now.

Supplier: Goodbye. See you in a few weeks.

Exercise 10. What would you like? Read the menu. You have $12 to spend. What do you want to order?

MENU

Chicken Soup $2.50

Tomato Soup $2.00

Chicken with mushrooms $4.00

Fish $4.50

Steak $5.50

Pasta $3.00

Rice $2.00

Potatoes $1.00

French Fries $2.50

Carrots $1.50

Salad $2.50

Fruit $1.00

Ice Cream $2.00

Apple Pie $1.50

Bread $0.50

Cheese $3.00

Apple Juice $1.00

Orange Juice $1.00

Milk $0.50

Coffee $1.50

Exercise 11. Read the waiter’s questions. Complete the conversation. Tell him what you want to eat. Practice the conversation with a study partner.

Waiter: Hello. Are you ready to order?

You: _____________________________________________________________

Waiter: Right. What would you like ?

You: _____________________________________________________________

Waiter: Certainly. Would you like some vegetables?

You: _______________________________________________________

Waiter: OK - anything to drink ?

You: ______________________________________________________________

Waiter: Of course. Is that everything else?

You: _____________________________________________________________

Waiter: Fine. Thank you.

Exercise 12. Read the conversation and complete the table. Then choose a night out for Belen, Lindy and Aleksy.

Belen: I love eating out in restaurants - Indian food is my favourite. I like Chinese too. I like going to the cinema. I also like opera, but I don't really like jazz. I think

it's boring. What about you, Lindy?

Lindy: I like eating out, but I don't like Indian food. It's too spicy. But I like Chinese. I like going to the cinema. I love music - jazz is OK, but my favourite is opera. What about you, Alesky?

Aleksy: I like eating out. I enjoy Indian food, but I don't like Chinese. I love going to the cinema - I go every week. I like music, but I like hip-hop and rock. I don't like jazz and I hate opera. I think it's awful.

	Lindy	Belen	Aleksy
Indian food
Chinese food
cinema
Opera
jazz

Night out: _____________________________________

MEALS

We may have our meals at home or at a restaurant (cafe). At the restaurant the waiter or waitress will bring you the menu to choose dishes. On the menu food is usually listed in groups. There are appetizers or hors-d’oeuvres (for example, sardines, small salads, melon), main courses or entrées, sandwiches, salads, drinks, desserts and à la carte.

Choosing a meal can be a problem sometimes because dishes are called unknown foreign names. Ask the waiter to help you.

meal n прием пищи, еда appetizer n закуска

waiter n официант hors-d’oeuvre закуска

menu ['menju:] n меню melon n дыня

choose (chose, chosen) v выбирать main course основное (второе)

dish n блюдо entrée основное (второе) блюдо

food n еда, пища à la carte на заказ, порционное блюдо

list v перечислять

DIALOGUE 1. ORDERING DINNER AT THE RESTAURANT

WAITER: Good evening. Here’s the menu. May I have your order? YOU: Now, let’s see. I’ll start with some appetizer. A salad, I think.

Then I’ll have a steak in mushroom sauce and baked potatoes. WAITER: How do you want your steak, sir? Rare, medium rare, well-done?

YOU: Rare, please.

WAITER: O.K. What about you, sir?

YOUR FRIEND: Oh, I’d like something typically English. What would you recommend?

WAITER: Well, what about roast beef or roast lamb? They come with French fried potatoes.

YOUR FRIEND: O.K. Let it be roast beef and please go easy on the salt.

WAITER: What vegetables would you like? Cauliflower, pease, cab­bage?

YOUR FRIEND: Green peas, please.

WAITER: Would you like something to drink?

YOU: Scotch for me, I think. What about you, Peter?

YOUR FRIEND: I’ll have the same.

YOU: Two whiskies, please.

WAITER: Straight or with soda?

YOU: Just with ice, please.

WAITER: Do you want to order your sweet now?

YOU: Yes, please. Two fruit salads and two coffees.

WAITER: Cream and sugar with your coffee?

YOU: No, we’ll take it black. Give us the bill, please.

WAITER: Do you need separate bills?

YOU: Yes, please.

steak [steik] n бифштекс

mushroom n гриб

sauce n соус

potatoes картофель;

baked potatoes отварной

fried potatoes жареный

rare недожаренный, с кровью

well-done хорошо прожаренный

roast beef ростбиф

roast жареный

lamb барашек, молодая баранина

vegetables овощи

cauliflower цветная ка пуста

cabbage капуста

green peas зеленый горошек

Scotch виски

straight зд. неразбавленный

sweet десерт

cream сливки

bill (check) n счет

DIALOGUE 2. HAVING A SNACK

WAITRESS: Can I help you?

YOU: Yes, I’d like a hamburger, French fries, a Coke and an orange juice.

WAITRESS: Is it to go or for here?

YOU: The juice and French fries are to go and the hamburger and the Coke for here.

to have a snack перекусить

hamburger гамбургер

French fries (chips) жареный хрустя­щий картофель

Is it to go? зд. Вы это возьмете с со­бой?

DIALOGUE 3. GUESTS ON BOARD

YOU: Would you like to dine with us, Mr. Brown?

MR. BROWN: Oh, thank you. It’s very kind of you.

YOU: Have a drink. What’s yours?

MR. BROWN: Just a drop of vodka, I think. Cheers!

YOU: Help yourself, please. Would you like some more salad?

MR. BROWN: No, thank you. That’s quite enough.

YOU: Well, let me help you to some cabbage soup then.

MR. BROWN: Thanks, just a little. Will you pass me the salt, please? YOU: Look, we have roast chicken and fried fish with chips. Which would you rather have?

MR. BROWN: I think I’ll have some chicken, please.

YOU: Another piece of chicken? No? Well, do you take your coffee white or black?

MR. BROWN: Black, please.

MR. BROWN: Thank you for a lovely dinner. I’ve really enjoyed it.

YOU: I’m so glad you liked it.

MR. BROWN: I’m afraid I must go now.

YOU: Must you really? It was so nice of you to come. Will you have one for the road?

MR. BROWN: Gladly. Thank you for the pleasure of your company. YOU: Why, the pleasure was all mine.

What’s yours? зд. Что вы будете пить?

chicken курица (кушанье)

Cheers! Ваше здоровье!

help yourself берите; угощайтесь

Exercise 13. Translate the phases to complete the dialogue

A: Can I help you?

В: Да, пожалуйста. Я бы хотел бутерброд с ветчиной, две сосиски и томатный сок.

A: Is it to go or for here?

В: Бутерброд я возьму с собой. Сколько я должен заплатить?

A: How do you want your steak?

В: С кровью, пожалуйста. На гарнир я бы хотел отварной картофель и зеленый горошек.

A: Will you have some coffee?

В: Да, пожалуйста.

A: Do you take cream with your coffee?

В: Нет, черный кофе, пожалуйста.

Exercise 14. Answer the questions

А. 1. How many meals do you have a day? 2. When do you have your breakfast (dinner, supper)? 3. What do you usually have for breakfast (dinner, supper)? 4. What is your favourite dish? 5. Are you a good cook?

B. 1. Do you often eat out? 2. Do you go to a restaurant alone or with your friends? 3. What do you usually order? 4. Where are meals more expensive, in a restaurant or a cafe?

Exercise 15. Ask your guest

if he will have dinner with you; if he would like some appetizer; what he would like to drink; which he would rather have: chicken or steak; if he wants another helping; if he takes lemon with his tea.

DIALOGUE4. ORDERING PROVISIONS

Ship chandler: 'Morning, sir. My name's Stock.

Second Mate: Good morning. Sit down, please. Here's the list of provisions we need. Are they available in the market?

Ship chandler: Well, let me see. I think I can supply everything but grapes. Second Mate: О. K. What are the regular prices?

Ship chandler: Oh, sorry, here is the price list. You may look it through. And how much money are you going to spend on provisions?

Second Mate: About 400 dollars.

Ship chandler: Very good.

Second Mate: Are the prices in the list quoted for a kilogramme?

Ship chandler: No, sir. Meat, cheese, ham and chickens are quoted for an English pound, eggs and bananas for a dozen, cucumbers, tomatoes, oranges and apples for a case and potatoes, carrots, cabbage and onions for a bag.

Second Mate: That's clear. I think that the prices of fruit are rather high. Why are they so expensive?

Ship chandler: You see, we've had a very dry summer. If you are going to take a large amount, we'll make a 10 per cent reduction for you (as against the prices in the price list).

Second Mate: That's settled. Now I'll put down the quantity of each item. Let's count how much it will come to.

Ship chandler: Well, the total sum is Can $ 354.60. Second Mate: It seems to be О. K. When will you deliver the foodstuffs?

Ship chandler: What time will suit you?

Second Mate: Any time you say.

Ship chandler: Tomorrow afternoon then.

Second Mate: That'd be fine. Please see that the foodstuffs are absolutely fresh and the fruit and vegetables are ripe.

Ship chandler: Yes, sir. I'll see to that. We guarantee the quality of products. Anything else, sir?

Second Mate: Yes, some crew members would like to make individual orders for such goods as spirits, coca-cola, beer, chewing gum, tobacco, cigarettes, instant coffee and some other things. Let me have the price list if any.

Ship chandler: Here it is. Do you know that they are payed for in cash? Second Mate: Yes, I do. I'll inform our crew about the prices and make up a list of those goods by tomorrow.

Ship chandler: It's О. K. Right, then, thank you very much. Good-bye.

grapes виноград

price list список цен

quote котировать; назначать цену

dozen дюжина

cucumber огурец

case ящик

carrot морковь

cabbage капуста

onion лук

expensive дорогой

amount количество

to make a reduction (to make a discount) сделать скидку

as against по сравнению

That's settled. Решено.

item каждый отдель­ный предмет в списке, пункт счета

total sum общая сумма

suit устраивать, подходить

foodstuffs продукты

ripe спелый

I'll see to that. Я за этим про­слежу.

guarantee гаран­тировать; ручаться

instant coffee растворимый кофе

to pay in cash платить налич­ными.

DIALOGUE 5. DELIVERY OF PRODUCTS

Ship chandler: I've brought you all the foodstuffs you ordered. Who will take them on board? The lorry is wait­ing alongside.

Chief Mate: Wait a moment. I'll call the second mate and the chief steward. They'll receive the products.

Second Mate: Oh, it's you. Good afternoon! Let me. have the invoice to check the products.

Ship chandler: Here you are, please.

Second Mate: What's that? Meat? This is item 3. Put it on the scales. The weight is correct. What's next? Cheese? Mind if I taste it? It's О. K

Ship chandler: All the weights are exact, sir.

Second Mate: Very well. What's there in those cases? Oranges? Will you open one case? They are first grade. What comes next?

Ship chandler: Bananas, sir.

Second Mate: Oil, they are spotted, probably rotten. I cannot accept them.

Ship chandler: I think they are О. K. but if you like I'll have them substituted.

Second Mate: Yes, certainly. Well, the rest of the prod­ucts are О. K. We'll take them. I'll report |o the chief mate and he'll sign the invoice and the bill.

Ship chandler: Thanks a lot, sir.

invoice накладная

scales весы

Mind if I taste it? He возражаете, если я попробую?

first grade первый сорт

spotted в пятнах

rotten гнилой, тухлый

accept принимать

substitute for заменять, замещать чем-л.

Exercise. 16. Answer the following questions

А. 1. What must the captain do if his ship ran out of some provi­sions? 2. Who helps the captain to invite a good shipchandler? 3. What mate is in charge of buying provisions? 4. What list must he compile? 5. Who delivers the provisions ordered? 6. Is the delivery paid for? 7. Who signs the invoice and the bills?

B. 1. When do you usually invite shipchandlers? 2. What provisions do our ships usually buy abroad? 3. What is the quality of those products? 4. Are those provisions paid for in cash? 5. Who settles accounts with shipchandlers on behalf of the ship?

C. 1. What must you do if some crew members want to make individual, so-called “shipchandler’s”, orders? 2. Who helps you to buy those goods? 3. How do you pay for them?

D. 1. Have you ever received the provisions brought by the shipchandler? 2. How did you do that? 3. Did you check up the weights? 4. Did you taste any products? 5. Were the foodstuffs of high quality? 6. Did you refuse to take any products?

E. 1. Why are trading companies interested in supplying ships (to be profitable — быть выгодным, a wholesale customer — оптовый покупатель)? 2. In what cases do Russian ships buy provisions abroad? 3. Why do shipchandlers supply our ships with goods of proper quality and at reasonable prices (in accordance with the terms of the contract — в соответствии с условиями контракта/соглашения)? 4. What points do our captains discuss with shipchandlers? 5.On what condition (условие) can the sellers reduce the price?6. How do our ships make payments?

Exercise.17. Complete the situation using the following phrases

1.a shipchandler, list of provisions, to be available, regular prices, the price-list, to quote prices for, expensive, to make a reduction, to­tal sum

2.to deliver, to fix the time, to suit, to see to, absolutely, fresh, ripe, to guarantee, quality, to make an order, to pay in cash

foodstuffs, to bring, to take on board, to check up, the invoice, to put on the scales, weight, exact, to taste, to open, a case, first grade, to accept

Exercise.18. Complete the dialogues to the given situation

1. As our ship ran out of some provisions we ordered them through the shipchandler. Mr. Stock and our captain discussed the prices for meat, cheese, eggs, vegetables and fruit. It turned out that some fruits were too expensive but if we increased our order we would be given a discount of 10 per cent.

2.Mr. Stock and the captain are discussing the terms of delivery (сроки поставки). They agree that the meat and cheese will be brought tomorrow morning and vegetables and fruit tomorrow after­noon. Mr. Smirnov asks Mr. Stock to see to the quality of products.

3.The second mate wants to make a shipchandler’s order for spir­its, coca-cola, chewing gum, cigarettes, instant coffee and other goods for some crew members. Mr. Stock shows him the price-list for those goods and says that they are paid for in cash.

4.Mr. Stock has just brought the provisions ordered. The second mate is checking them up. He finds out that all the products are O.K. lull the meat. It’s tainted. He can’t accept it and tells the shipchandler that it should be substituted.

Exercise.19 . Do the following task

1.Meet your shipchandler and discuss your order of provisions, the prices, and the terms of delivery.

2.Tell the shipchandler that you want to make some individual orders for spirits, cigarettes, tobacco, coca-cola. Inform him that the second mate will collect the necessary money and hand it out to the shipchandler tomorrow morning.

3.You are checking up the products brought by the shipchandler. All the weights are exact. The quality of the foodstuffs is O.K. but the cheese is musty. Refuse to accept it.

Exercise.20. Translate

YOU: Вот, пожалуйста, список нужных нам продуктов. Есть ли они сейчас в продаже?

S.: Well, let me see. I think I can supply everything. Here is the price-list.

YOU: Давайте проставим количество продуктов каждого наиме­нования и подсчитаем, сколько это будет стоить.

S.: 353 dollars altogether.

YOU: Это меня устраивает. Когда вы привезете продукты?

S.: Tomorrow between 11 and 12 a.m. Be ready to take them.

Grammar exercises:

Таблица производных слов от some, any, no, every
Местоимения	+thing	+body +one	+where	Употребляются
Some некоторый какой-то какой-нибудь несколько any всякий любой	something что-то что-нибудь anything всё	somebody someone кто-то кто-нибудь anybody anyone всякий, всё	somewhere где-то куда-то где-нибудь куда-нибудь anywhere везде повсюду	в утвердительном предложении
not any = no никакой	not … anything = nothing ничто ничего	not … anybody = nobody no one none никто	not … anywhere = nowhere нигде никуда	в отрицательном предложении
any? какой-нибудь?	anything? что-то? что-нибудь?	anybody? кто-то? кто-нибудь?	anywhere? где-то? куда-то? где-нибудь? куда-нибудь?	в вопросительном предложении
every каждый всякий	every = thing всё	everybody everyone всe	everywhere везде повсюду	во всех трёх видах предложений

Примечания: 1. В отрицательных предложениях в роли подлежащего употребляется только nobody, no one, и nothing.

Nothing special happened yesterday.

Ничего особенного вчера не случилось

2. После местоимений nobody, nothing, anybody (в утвердительном предложении), anything, no one, somebody, something, everything, everybody глагол ставится в 3-м лице единственного числа.

Everything is ready.	Всё готово.
Anybody knows this.	Всякий знает это.

3. Английское слово every как прилагательное в англо-русских словарях переводится русским словом каждый. Производные слова everybody, everyone также даются в значениях каждый, всякий (человек). В целях соблюдения стилистических норм русской речи нередко сочетания слова every с существительным (every effort, every action) можно перевести русским словом все (все усилия). В этом случае сказуемое английского предложения, выраженное личной формой глагола в единственном числе, передаётся русским глаголом в форме множественного числа:

Every action was aimed at…	Все действия направлялись на…
His work was useful for everybody.	Его работа была полезна для всех.
Everybody says that our work has been done much better than that of others.	Все говорят, что наша работа сделана гораздо лучше, чем у других.
Everybody is aware of the achievements of our heavy industry.	Все знают о достижениях нашей тяжёлой промышленности.

Some and any can be used in questions: Some is usually used in positive sentences ( + ): Any is usually used in negative sentences (-):

Is there any. . .? Can I have some. . .? There is some milk. There isn't any bread

Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences. Use some or any.

1 The Cook doesn’t have _______________milk.

2 The Bosun wants ____________________cutlery.

3 There aren’t ________________________carrots.

4 I would like_________________________ soup, please.

5 There are __________knives and forks but there aren’t __________spoons.

6 We haven’t got _________beer but we have ______________juice.

7 Is there ______rice?

8 Can I have ________bread?

Exercise 2. Put in the correct word in each gap.

Nobody, everything, somebody (x2), somewhere, nothing, everywhere, something anyone, everyone

1. _____phoned you today, but he didn’t tell me his name.

2. I’m sure you’ll find it _______in the house if you keep looking.

3. I had to go to the cinema on my own because I couldn’t find ______ to go with me.

4. She said that ________ was fine and she was very happy.

5. Can I speak to you for a moment? I want to discuss _______ with you.

6. Unfortunately, I couldn’t help. There was __________ I could do about the problem.

7. I looked _________ but I couldn’t find it.

8. She married ________ she met when she was a student.

Exercise3. Put the right form of the derivatives (some-, any-, no- or every) into the conversation.

Dennis: Have you read (+) anything interesting lately?

Sarah: Yes, (1) … lent me a novel last week and I really enjoyed it.

Dennis: What was it about?

Sarah: It was about (2)… who goes to visit Australia. She likes to go (3)… alone. While she’s travelling around on her own, (4) … terrible happens to her. She loses (5) … - including her passport and all her money. She doesn’t know (6) … who can help her, and she’s got (7) … to stay.

Exercise 4. Complete interrogative and negative sentences.

Model 1: I have got some problems to discuss.

Have you got any problems to discuss? I have not got any problems to discuss. = I have no problems to discuss.

1. I have some papers for you to sign. 2. There are some sailors on deck. 3. We have picked up some survivors from the ship in distress. 4. Some distress signals were picked up by the shore sta­tion. 5. Some ships are ready for departure. 6. He has got some books on the merchant fleet history.

Model 2: Jim can tell us something about the maritime educa­tion in the USA.

Can Jim tell us anything about the maritime educa­tion in the USA?

Jim cannot tell us anything (Jim can tell us nothing) about the maritime education in the USA.

1. There is something that can be done under the circumstan­ces. 2. Somebody knows the answer to this problem. 3. I have met this seaman somewhere. 4. Someone will help you on the matter.

He has written something on a piece of paper. 6. The master spoke to somebody about it yesterday. 7. There was something strange happening on the ship.

Exercise 5. Fill the blanks with appropriate words (no, not any, nothing, no­body, no one, none, anybody.)

1. There is ... salt on the table, and ... glasses. 2. ... smoking.

There is ... I want in this shop. 4. Can ... answer my questi­on? 5. How many charts are there on the table? — ... . 6. I want some milk but there is ... left. 7. ... of our seamen failed in their examination. 8. How many fish did you catch? — ... . 9. Who is on deck? —... . 10. What is there on deck? — ....11. ... of us is per­fect; we all make mistakes. 12. How many boxes are there on deck? — ... . 13. How many crew members are ashore? —... . 14. How much petrol is there in the tank? —... . 15. He is ... bet­ter; he is still very ill. 16. She is a wonderful singer. There is ... like her.

Exercise 6. Translate into English

1. Каждый может сделать это. 2. Все уехали на юг. 3. Я прослушал несколько пластинок, но ни одна мне не понравилась. 4. Мы все прекрасно провели время за городом. 5. Есть все основания полагать, что они откажутся от своей претензии. 6. Все, кто видит его сейчас, говорят, что он очень изменился. 7. Обе компании должны прийти к какому-то соглашению. 8. При проверке таких документов следует быть очень внимательным. 9. Эта машина моя, а та – его. 10. Что-то случилось с главным двигателем. 11. Никто из нас не верит ему. 12. Кто-то должен отвечать за это. 13. Разве никто об этом не знает? 14. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, ещё бумаги. 15. Молока больше нет. 16. Сколько книг вы уже прочли? — Ни одной. 17. Вы можете потратить ещё один день на эту работу. 18. Одни одобряют этот план, другие — против него. 19. Вы что-нибудь слышите? — Ничего. 20. Этот буй можно обойти с любой стороны.

Местоимения little, few, much, many

Местоимения little и few могут выступать в качестве как местоимений-прилагательных, так и местоимений-существительных.

Little и few в качестве местоимений-прилагательных имеют значение "мало". Little, как и much, употребляется перед неисчисляемыми существительными, а few, подобно many, — перед исчисляемыми:

I have very little time. There is very little ink in the inkpot. Не has few friends. There were very few people there.

У меня очень мало времени. В чернильнице очень мало чернил. У него мало друзей. Там было очень мало народу.

В утвердительных предложениях little и few часто заменяются not much и not many, если только они не определяются одним из следующих слов: very, rather, too, so, as, how.

I haven’t got much time.  (вместо: I’ve got little time) There aren’t many French books in our library.  (вместо: There are few French books in our library.)

У меня мало времени. В нашей библиотеке мало французских книг.

N. B.	Little употребляется также в качестве прилагательного со значением "маленький, небольшой" и наречия со значением "мало":
	I want the little box, not the big one. (прилагательное) You rest too little. (наречие)	Мне нужна маленькая коробка, а не большая. Вы отдыхаете слишком мало.
	Little в качестве местоимения-существительного употребляется со значением "мало, немногое", а местоимение few — со значением "немногие":
	Little has been said about it. Many people were invited but few саmе.	Об этом сказано мало. Много народу было приглашено, но немногие пришли.

Little и few могут употребляться с неопределенным артиклем: a little - немного и a few - немного, несколько:

Please give me a little water. I have a few books on this subject.

Дайте мне, пожалуйста, немного воды. У меня есть несколько (не много) книг по этому вопросу.

A little - немного и а few - немного, несколько передают значение некоторое, хотя и небольшое количество, в то время как little и few - мало (недостаточно, почти нет):

I’ve got little time. I’ve got а little time. Не has few friends. Не has a few friends.

У меня мало (недостаточно) времени. У меня есть немного времени. У него мало (почти нет) друзей. У него есть несколько друзей.

N. B.

Неопределенный артикль перед little и few относится не к существительному, определяемому этими местоимениями, а к самим местоимениям, с которыми он составляет смысловое целое: a little - немного, a few - немного, несколько.

Little и few могут употребляться с определенным артиклем — the little со значением "то небольшое количество", а the few — со значением "те несколько, те немногие":

Nearly the whole cargo of wheat has been unloaded today. The little that remains will be unloaded tomorrow morning. Не has read the few English books he has.

Почти весь груз пшеницы был разгружен сегодня. То небольшое количество, которое остается, будет выгружено завтра утром. Он прочел те несколько английских книг, которые у него имеются.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЙ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
С НЕИСЧИСЛЯЕМЫМИ	С ИСЧИСЛЯЕМЫМИ	ПЕРЕВОД
much	many	много
little	few	мало
a little	a few	немного

Exercise 7. Choose correct variant

1. There is (much, many. any) money in my pocket.

2. There are (much, many) interesting books in this shop.

3. There is (much, ___, any) much pepper in the salad.

4. There is (much, ___ many) bread on the plate.

5. There (___, is, are) much tragedy in this story.

6. There (___, aren’t, isn’t) new clothes in my wardrobe.

7. There (___, is any, are much, is many, is much) noise in the street.

8. There (___, are much, is any, are some, is many) beautiful toys in her room.

9. There (___, is many, are much, are many, is much) bottles of beer in the bar.

10. There (___, are much, is many, are any, are many) wolves in our forest.

Exercise 8 . Find mistakes if any.

1. Is there many water in the kettle? 2. There are much spoons on the table. 3. There is a big poster on the wall. 4. There isn’t many truth in his story. 5. There are much good plays in the theatre today. 6. There is a lot of good wine in Spain. 7. There isn’t any money on my credit card. 8. Are there much mistakes in my test? 9. Is there any cat’s food in the can? 10. There aren’t any many interesting articles in the magazine.

Exercise 9. Choose much, many, little, few, a little or a few.

1. He had ... English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books.

a) little b) few c) many

2. She gave him ... water to wash his hands and face.

a) much b) little c) a little

3. I'd like to say ... words about my journey.

a) a few b) few c) a little

4. After the play everybody felt ... tired.

a) much b) little c) a little

5. Let's stay here ... longer: it is such a nice place.

a) a little b) much c) a few

6. There were ... new words in the text, and Peter spent ... time learning them.

a) many, much b) few, a little c) many, few

7. There was ... hay in the barn, and the children could not play there.

a) many b) few c) much

8. There was ... water in the river, and they decided to cross it.

a) many b) little c) a little

9. My mother knows German ... and she can help you with the translation of this letter.

a) little b) much c) a little

10. When we walked ... farther down the road, we met another group of students.

a) much b) a little c) few

11. Have you got … money on you? – I’m sorry. I have very … money at the moment.?

a) many, few b) much, few c) much, little

12. At the conference we met ... people whom we knew well.

a) a few b) a little c) a little

13. There are very ... old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down.

a) many b) few c) little

14. If you have ... spare time, look through this book. You will find ... sto­ries there which are rather interesting.

a) much, few b) a little, few c) a little, a few

15. There are ... things here which I cannot understand.

a) much b) a few c) few

16. Shall I bring ... more chalk? — No, thank you. There is... chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson.

a) many, much b) a little, few c) a little, a little

17. My friend isn’t going to the concert this evening because he has got … work to do.

a) much b) many c) little