- •Часть I
- •Скуденкова е. Е., Ковалёва е. В., Архипова е. В.
- •Предисловие
- •The noun
- •Singular and plural forms of nouns
- •The plural of nouns and the verbs to be, to have
- •Uncountable nouns
- •Nouns with different singular and plural meanings
- •Compound nouns and their plurals
- •Nouns with foreign plurals
- •Numbers and their plurals
- •1. Dozen(s), hundred(s), etc.
- •2. “A whole amount”.
- •Revision
- •The category of case
- •The Genitive
- •Introductory there
- •Pronouns
- •Number: Singular (one) or plural (more than one).
- •Personal pronouns
- •Object The receptionist asked XXX to wait.
- •Possessive adjectives and possessive absolute pronouns
- •Reflexive pronouns, emphatic pronouns
- •Demonstratives (this – these / that – those)
- •Other pronouns
- •We normally use the following question words to ask about:
- •Subject/Object Questions
- •Quantifiers
- •Adjectives
- •Order of Adjectives
- •Taking a break
- •The comparison of Adjectives Most one-syllable adjectives form their comparatives with the help of -er and -est which are added to their basic forms.
- •Adverbs
- •Like – As
- •The comparison of adverbs
- •Kinds of adverbs
- •1. Adverbs of manner. Position of adverbs of manner.
- •2. Adverbs of place. Position of adverbs of place.
- •3. Adverbs of time. Position of adverbs of time.
- •4. Adverbials of duration.
- •5. Adverbs of frequency.
- •Intensifiers
- •Adverbs with two forms and differences in meaning
- •Relative Adverbs. Relative Pronouns
- •Prepositions in Relative Clauses
- •Focus adverbs
- •Inversion after adverbs
- •Inversion after adverbs of place like here, there.
- •Inversions after adverbials of place.
- •Inversion after negative adverbs, etc.
- •Revision
- •Linking Words
- •The numeral
- •Literature
- •Contents
Kinds of adverbs
1. Adverbs of manner. Position of adverbs of manner.
Adverbs of manner: after the object or after the verb.
The most usual position of adverbs of manner is after the object or after the verb: after the object: Tom watched the lion curiously. Look at that man carefully. After the verb: It rained heavily last week. After an adverb particle: He took the picture down carefully.
The important thing is not to put the adverb between the verb and its object. (Not ‘He speaks well English’.) But even this is possible if the object is very long: We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
Exercise 135. Choose the correct answer:
1. The actors can get (close to the audience, to the audience close). 2. Olga speaks (very well Spanish, Spanish very well). 3. Tom was jumping (on the window-seat up and down, up and down on the window- seat). 4. Do you want (white or black your coffee, your coffee white or black)? 5. He cried (yesterday bitterly, bitterly yesterday). 6. They played (hockey very badly, very badly hockey). 7. We could see (very well, a funny scene in the distance, a funny scene in the distance very well). 8. I understand (you easily, easily you).
Exercise 136. Translate into English:
1. Им было очень холодно. 2. Она говорила с нами холодно. 3. Его слова звучали холодно. 4. Лось упал замертво. 5. Они упали на землю смертельно усталые. 6. Она смертельно побледнела. 7. Он молча кивнул. 8. Мы шли молча. 9. Стены покрашены плохо. 10. Она чувствовала себя плохо вчера. 11. Она приятно улыбнулась. 12. Мне приятно разговаривать с вами. 13. Она хорошо выглядит. 14. Дело идёт хорошо. 15. Хорошо, что они придут. 16. Как ты думаешь сделать это? – Очень просто. 17. Не бойся, ты сделаешь это. Это очень просто. 18. Вполне естественно, что она ему нравится. 19. Он отреагировал совершенно естественно. 20. Естественно, я приму его приглашение.
2. Adverbs of place. Position of adverbs of place.
Adverbs of place never go between subject and verb.
Adverbs of place: after manner but before time.
When there is more than one kind of adverb in a sentence, the usual position of adverbs of place is after manner, but before time (following a verb or verb + object): manner place time
Barbara read quietly in the library all afternoon.
However, adverbs of direction can often come after movement verbs (come, drive, go) and before other adverbials: He went to Minsk (direction) by train (manner) three days ago (time).
If there is more than one adverb of place, then ‘smaller places’ are mentioned before ‘bigger places’ in ascending order: He lives in a white house (1) in a village (2) outside Reading (3) in Berkshire (4), England (5).
Exercise 137. Translate from Russian into English:
1. Три дня назад он приехал из Киева на автобусе. 2. Они живут на окраине города, в небольшом домике, где-то в Гомельской области. 3. Снаружи шёл сильный снег, но внутри было тепло. 4. Весь вечер она читала книгу в гостиной. 5. Каждый день она ходит на работу пешком. 6. Мы идём в кино с друзьями. 7. Во многих странах люди не одобряют эту войну. 8. Она впервые встретила его в Минске, в театре, в фойе. 9. Я работаю недалеко от дома в небольшой фирме. 10. Она разбила на кухне тарелку. 11. В Москве сейчас полночь. 12. В нашем дворе много детей.