Контрольні питання

1. Утворення минулого неозначеного часу.

2. Яку дію означає цей час?

3. Винятки при утворенні цього часу.

Література: [1, с. 23-30; 2, с. 26-35; 3, с. 30-38; 5, с. 18-25]

Практичне заняття 7, 8 Learning from the Groups

Тема: Learning from the groups

Мета: вивчення лексики з фаху, теперішнього тривалого часу.

Короткі теоретичні відомості

1. Memorize the following words:

belong	належати
peer	ровесник
roughly	приблизно
generation	покоління
support	підтримка
alike	схожий
sacrifice	приносити жертву
accept	приймати
develop	розвивати
speed	швидкість
freedom	свобода
entangle	втягувати, заплутати
force	змушувати
fraction	доля, частина
custodian	опікун
create	створювати
contribute	сприяти
honesty	чесність
success	успіх

2. Read and translate the text.

LEARNING FROM THE GROUPS YOU BELONG TO

Because of your need to belong, which is especially strong during the high school years, the groups that you belong to have a powerful influence on you. This is especially true of your own peer group. This is a term that you have probably heard before. It refers to the people who are roughly your own age, with whom you naturally have much in common.

Each generation has its own way of viewing the world. The older generation sometimes finds the views of younger people hard to understand, and so young people turn to each other for support. But the problem here is that people are not all alike, whether they would like to be or not. Sacrificing your own individuality may be too high a price to pay for being accepted as a member of the group. Also, young people do not all develop at the same rate of speed. When you are ready to move forward in your own development, you want to be sure that you have the freedom to move. It is possible for you to get so entangled in your friends' views of the world that your personal growth and development are forced to stop.

LEARNING AT SCHOOL

If someone asked you what you were learning in school this year, you would probably list the courses that you were taking. If you were asked about your teachers, you would name the people teaching those courses. But actually your courses, important as they are, represent only a fraction of what you learn in any school year, and the people who teach these courses are not your only teachers. You are also being taught by all the other people who work in the school, from the principal to the custodian. All these people are creating an atmosphere in the school that contributes to what you learn there. The other students are also part of this atmosphere, just as you are.

What are you learning from all these teachers? You are developing attitudes about yourself and about getting along with other people whose customs may be different from those of your family. You are also developing attitudes about learning itself and about what it means to be a thinking person. You are also developing attitudes about authority, individual responsibility, honesty, success, and many other subjects that will be important to you long after you have forgotten some of the facts that you are learning now.

3. Answer the following questions.

1) What influence do the groups have on you?

2) Do young people develop at the same rate of speed?

3) Who creates an atmosphere in the school that contributes to what you learn there?

4. Memorize the following grammar material:

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(Теперішній тривалий час)

+) Стверджувальна форма

I am	V1+ ing
he, she, it is	V1+ ing
we, you, they are	V1+ing

–) заперечна форма

I am not	V1+ ing
he, she, it is not	V1+ ing
we, you, they are not	V1+ ing

?) питальна форма

…am	I	V1+ ing
… is	he, she, it	V1+ ing
… are	we, you, they	V1+ ing

Цей час означає теперішню дію, яка відбувається зараз, навколо теперішнього моменту, а також майбутню плановану дію. Вживається зі словами: зараз – now, у цей момент – at this moment, дивись – look, слухай – listen.

For example: I am working now. She is not going to the University at this moment. What is he writing now? They are going to their friends this evening.

Примітка. Існує група дієслів, які не вживаються в часах Continuous. До них належать to be – бути, to see – бачити, to love – любити, to like – подобатись, to hate – ненавидіти, to want – хотіти, to wish, to desire – бажати, to hear – чути, to feel – відчувати, to notice – помічати, to know – знати, to understand – розуміти, to remember – пам’ятати, to forget – забувати, to believe – вірити, to recognize – впізнавати, to seem, to appear – здаватися, to contain – містити, to consist – складатися.