Контрольні питання

1. Утворення минулого завершеного часу.

2. Яку дію означає цей час?

3. Винятки при утворенні цього часу.

Література: [1, с. 64-68; 2, с. 71-76; 3, с. 73-78; 4, с. 48-54; 5, с. 56-61]

Практичне заняття 17, 18 Getting to Know the Real You

Тема: Getting to Know the Real You

Мета: вивчення лексики з фаху, майбутнього завершеного часу.

Короткі теоретичні відомості

1. Memorize the following words:

virtous
mean
define
quality
level
satisfied
discourage
height
disability
requirement
demand
sedentary
crouch

2. Read and translate the text.

GETTING TO KNOW THE REAL YOU

Nothing is more unpleasant than a virtuous person with a mean mind. Walter Bagehot The easiest thing in the world is to tell the truth. Then you don't have to remember what you said. Robert Evans Kind words are short and easy to speak, but their echoes are endless. Mother Teresa

Now that you have seen why you are different from everyone else, the next step is to see how you are different. Each individual is a complex combination of many qualities. In order to understand yourself fully, you must spend some time trying to define your particular qualities. This self-knowledge will help you on every level of your life, but especially when you are trying to make career choices.

When you are thinking about yourself, you should remember two things. The first is that it's just as important to know what qualities you don’t have as to know what qualities you do have. For example, your noninterests can tell you as much about yourself as your interests. It is important that you know what you can't do as well as what you can. The second important thing to remember is that if you are not satisfied with what you see today, there is plenty of time and opportunity for change. Your physical growth will soon stop, if it hasn't already. But your mental and emotional growths are an entirely different matter. Because they never have to stop, you never have to feel discouraged about not being the person you would like to be.

YOUR PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

What are some of the ways in which you differ physically from other people? First there are the differences that are immediately apparent- your facial features, coloring, height, weight, body type, and sex. Then there are other things that you may have to stop and think about. How does your energy level compare with that of your friends and group mates? Do you tire easily? How fast can you move? How strong are you? How easy is it for you to make various parts of your body do what you want them to do? In other words, how "well-coordinated" are you? Another question is whether you are sick very much. Do you have any physical disabilities, which are called "physical handicaps"? Answering such questions can give you a picture of your physical characteristics that will help you to make realistic career choices.

Because this is such an important subject, it is emphasized in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT), prepared by the U.S. Employment Service. This book describes thousands of jobs in detail, giving specific information about what the work is like and what qualifications a person should have in order to do the work successfully. Among the work requirements listed are the physical demands of each job. These are defined in the book as "those physical activities required of a worker in a job."

Thus, the DOT indicates whether lifting, carrying, pushing, or pulling are necessary in a job. Jobs are classified as sedentary (meaning that the worker sits most of the day), light, medium, heavy, or very heavy work. The DOT also explains whether a given job requires climbing, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching, or crawling and whether the workers will have to reach, use their hands, or do skilled work with their fingers. Other areas of concern are how well you have to be able to see, hear, or speak in order to do a particular job.

The DOT also discusses working conditions, which it defines as "the physical surroundings of a worker in a specific job." Jobs may have to be done indoors, outdoors, or both. The worker may have to be in a place that is cold, hot, wet, damp, or noisy. The job may also involve some risk of bodily injury, or there may be dust or unpleasant odors.

This information about the physical demands for given jobs can be helpful to you only if you are willing to take an honest look at your own physical strengths and weaknesses. But, at the same time, you will be doing yourself a disservice if you are not honest about weaknesses that could be corrected if you were to make the effort. You will also be making things harder for yourself if you don't recognize the importance of good health habits in any job. Your employer must be able to count on your being strong and well enough to come to work every day and to stay alert and efficient throughout the day.

Your employer is also interested in your appearance, which is a physical characteristic that you can easily improve. The day when all business clothes had to be very somber has passed. Now a much wider range of clothing is considered suitable in the business world. But your employer will still expect you to have the highest possible standards of personal hygiene and to show good taste in your choice of clothing and hairstyle.

3. Memorize the following grammar material:

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

(Майбутній завершений час)

+) Стверджувальна форма

I, we	shall have V3
he, she, it, you, they	will have V3

–) заперечна форма

I, we	shall not have V3
he, she, it, you, they	will not have V3

?) питальна форма

…shall	I, we	have V3
… will	he, she, it, you, they	have V3

Цей час означає майбутню дію, яка відбудеться раніше іншої майбутньої дії. Уживається зі словами: до 5 години – by 5 o’clock, до суботи – by Saturday, до 15 грудня – by the 15^th of December, до кінця року – by the end of the year, до того часу – by that time, when he comes – коли він прийде.

For example: We shall have translated the article by 5 o’clock. They will not have shipped the goods by that time. Will you have learnt these terms by the end of the class?