2.Comeupwithanideaofadomesticrobotservant.Supportyoupresentationwithallthenecessarydrawingsanddiagrams. Unitfour

ФУНКЦИИГЕРУНДИЯВПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ

Впредложениигерундийможетвыполнятьследующиефункции:

1. Подлежащее:Workingforthecompanymeansrespectandhighersocialstatus.

2. Предикатив(именнаячастьсоставногосказуемого):Whathealwayswantedwasdoingwhatheliked.

3. .Сказуемоеводносоставныхпредложениях(структурноограничено,чащеввопросительныхпредложенияхпослеwhataboutиhowabout):Whatabouttranslatingitthisway?Howaboutcominghereagain?

4. .Частьсоставногоглагольногосказуемого(послеглаголовtobegin,tostart,tocontinue,togoon,tocease,tokeepon):Thestudentswentonwriting.Hecontinuedlookingatherinamazement.Atlasttheystartedworkingontheproject.

5. Дополнение.

a.послеглаголовtoadmit,toavoid,toconsider,todelay,todeny,toenjoy,toescape,tofinish,togiveup,tokeep,toleaveoff,tomention,topostpone,toputoff,torecall,toresent,toresume,torisk,tostop,tosuggest,etc.):Hedeniedhavingstolenthepurse.Ifyouinvestallyourmoneyintotheprojectyourisklosingit.

2. послемодальныхсочетанийcan’timagine,can’tstand,can’thelp:Shecan’thelpsmiling.

3. послефразеологическогосочетанияtofeellike:Idon’tfeelliketalkingtoyoutonight.

4. впредложенияхсформальнымподлежащим“it”послеглаголовtomatter,tocomedownto:Itdoesn’tmatteryourbeingmuchtalkedabout.

5. впредложенияхсформальнымподлежащим“it”послеприлагательногоworth:It’sworthtryingagain.

6. вфункциипредложногодополненияклюбомуглаголуилиприлагательному:Heobjectedtomysellingthecar.

5. Объектныйпредикатив.

a.послеглаголовtocatch,todiscover,tofeel,tofind,tohear,toimagine,tokeep,toleave,tolike/dislike,tonotice,tosee,tosend,toset,tostop,towatch:Thenewssetmethinking.

b.послеглаголовtoconsider,toexplain,toguarantee,tomention,toregard,tospeakof,totake,tothinkof,totreat,tounderstand,еслизанимиследуетas:Theythoughtofhimasbeingaprominentscientist.

7. .Обстоятельство(спредлогом):Shewastiredafterreading.Shefoundherselfmuchrecovereduponwaking.

8. .Определение(обычновводитсяпредлогамиof,in,for,at,about,to):Ibegantohaveafeelingofbeingwatched.

9.Вводныесловосочетания:generallyspeaking,roughlyspeaking,strictlyspeakingetc.Strictlyspeaking,theirpresenceisnotnecessary.

Practice

1. TranslatefromEnglishintoRussian.

   1. LearningEnglishcanbefun.

   2. WhatIneednowishavingacupofcoffee.

   3. Whataboutdiscussingthematterlater?

   4. Heansweredthephoneandwentonwritingthereport.

   5. Hegaveupsmokingandfeltmuchbetter.

   6. Shecouldn’thelpwonderingathowinventivethechildwas.

   7. Wedon’tfeellikegoingouttonight.

   8. Whenitcomesdowntospeakinginpublic,Ialwaysfeelnervous.

   9. Theprojectisn’tworthsupporting.

   10. Sheobjectedtothechild’sbeingtakentohospital.

   11. Nobodylikesbeingcheated.

l)Generallyspeaking,Igotonwellwithmostofthestaff.

2. SkimthearticletofindthesentenceswiththeGerundsandstatetheirfunctions.

   Fieldsofautomation

   Anewgenerationofagriculturalequipmentpromisestotakemoreofthetoiloutoffarmingbyautomatingthebusinessofgrowingfruit

Intheearly1830s,spurredonbyhishatredofsweatyfieldwork,CyrusMcCormicktookanideahisfatherhadbeenworkingonatthefamilyfarminVirginiaandproducedamechanicalreaper.Othersdevisedsimilarmachines.Despiteinitialskepticism,farmerseventually

boughtthemindroves.Withonepersonridingthehorsethatpulledthereaper,andanotherrakingthecutstalksofftheback,themachinescouldharvestasmuchgraininadayasadozenmenbreakingtheirbackswithreapinghooks.

Mechanicalreapersbecameevenmoreefficientafterbeingadaptedtobalethestalksintosheaves,too.Developmentcontinued:todayadriverintheair-conditionedcabinofacombineharvestermaybeguidedbysatellitesashecuts,threshesandpourscleangrainintoafleetofaccompanyingtrailers.

Onemachine,theNewHollandCR9090,holdstherecordafterharvestingacolossal551tonsofwheatinjusteighthoursfromafarminBritainin2008.Giventhatsuchmachinescostaround£350,000($580,000),agriculturalautomationmustmakeeconomicsense-becausefarmersdon’tspendmoneyonfrivolities.

ButtherearefarmswherepeoplelikeMcCormickstilldreamoftakinghard,manualworkoutofagriculture.Thesefarmsgrowcropsthatmostlyhavetobetendedandpickedbyhand,suchasapples,oranges,andstrawberries.Inrichcountriesitisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttofindpeopletodothisatwagesfarmerssaytheycanafford.EvenJapan’sexquisiteandexpensivestrawberriesare

becomingtoocostlytopickbecauseofashortageofworkers,inpartcausedbyanageingpopulation.

Justasthemechanicalreapertransformedtheeconomicsofcerealfarming,anewwaveofagriculturalautomationpromisestodothesameinotherareasofhorticulture.Becausepickingapplesisverydifferenttopluckingstrawberries,themachinesaretakingvariousforms.Somehavegiantmechanicalarmsandaretowedbehindtractorsthroughorchardsandvineyards.Somearefullyautonomousandabletoscurryaroundontheirown,eveninpaddyfields,liketheroboticrice-planterdevelopedbyJapan’sNationalAgriculturalResearchCentre.Otherstrundleaboutinsideexperimentalgreenhouses.

TheEconomist