3. Scanthearticleandfindwordsandwordcombinationstomatchthedefinitions.

   1. ________________ascientistintheMiddleAgeswhotriedtodiscoverhowtochangeordinarymetalsintogold

   2. ________________aceramicormetalcontainerinwhichmetalsorothersubstancesmaybemeltedorsubjectedtoveryhightemperatures

   3. ________________acommonmetalthatisnotconsideredprecious,suchascopper,tin,orzinc

   4. ________________knownortalkedaboutbymanypeople;famous

   5. ________________toremainundamagedorunaffectedby;resist

   6. ________________to make(previouslyunknownorsecretinformation)knowntoothers

   7. ________________faronoraheadindevelopmentorprogress

   8. ________________notdoneonpurpose;unintentionally

   9. ________________makegooduseoftheopportunitiesofferedby

4. ReadthearticlecarefullyandmarkthestatementsT(true)orF(false).

   1. ThePhilosopher’sstoneisasubstancethatwasbelievedtohavethepoweroftransmutingbasemetalintogold.______________

   2. Acruciblecan’tbeusedformeltingorsubjectingsubstancestoveryhightemperatures.__________________

   3. Hessiancruciblemakersidentifiedandnamedanadvancedceramicmaterialtheyused.______________

   4. Mullitehasn’tfoundanywideindustrialapplication.__________

   5. Hessiancruciblemakerschangedthecompositionandimprovedthequalityofthematerialtheyusedseveraltimes.__________

   6. Ancientalchemistswereabletoachievequitehightemperatures.________

   7. Normalceramicvesselsareabletowithstandanysevereconditionsofachemicalreaction.___________

5. Readthearticleagainandstatetheadvantagesofmulliteasmodernceramicscomponent.

6. TranslatefromRussianintoEnglishusingtheGerundandGerundialConstructionswherepossible.

Чтооставиланамэтанеобычная,загадочнаянаука–алхимия?

Первоеиосновное,чтоприходитнаум,когдаговоритсяобалхимии,-этопоискспособаполучитьзолотоизменееблагородныхметаллов,чтобыобогатитьсяивконечномитогеобрестивласть.Другаяцельэтойнауки-достижениебессмертия.Обалхимиках,людях,посвятившихсвоюжизньалхимическимзанятиям,ходиломножествостранныхлегенд.Средипрочегопоговаривали,будтобыонинашлиформулубессмертия-конечнофизического,посколькувнашевремяэтоединственнаяформабытия,котораяинтересуетлюдей.Всехотятузнать,какостатьсявечномолодыми.

Итретьяцельалхимии-достижениесчастья.Онеймолчатфилософскиетрактаты,однакодумается,чтопоискизолота,молодостиисчастьяимеютнечтообщее.Алхимикиискалиодногоитогоже:счастья,вечноймолодостиилисказочногобогатства(конечно,еслинекасатьсяметафизическойчастиихучения).

Self-assessmentv1.Translatethearticleusingadictionary.PayattentiontotheGerundandGerundialConstructions.

AbandonedUSsteelmillissignofthetimes

ForacenturytheContinentalSteelmillhasloomedoverthetownofKokomo,Indiana-firstasasignofprosperity,thenasareminderoftherustbelt'sdeclineandthecostofenvironmentalclean-up.A15-meterhighpileofslagwasleftoverfrom74yearsofmaking

nails,wireandfencingfromscrapmetal.Therewere2,450drumsfilledwithsolvent,oilandrubbishdumpedatthebottomofaquarrypondandscatteredacrossthe74-hectareproperty.Thecreeksthatranthroughtownweresobadlycontaminatedthatwarningswerepostedtostoppeoplefromeatingthefish.

Thankstoasix-million-dollarinfusionofeconomicstimulusfunds,effortstorestorethesprawlingsiteareprogressing.Butitwillstillbeseveralyearsbeforethelandabdicatedin1986isdeemedsafeforuse.

TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatestherearemorethan450,000sitesacrosstheUnitedStateswherehazardoussubstances,pollutantsorcontaminantsarehamperingredevelopment.Manyremainabandonedorunder-usedbecausethecleanupcostsarehigherthantheproperty'svalue,whilethepollutershavegoneoutofbusinessandcan'tbeforcedtopayforit.Anditwillstillbeyears-probablydecades-untiltheindustrialmesscanberemoved.

Pouringindustrialby-productsdirectlyintotheair,waterandgroundwasstandardpracticeuntiltheEPAbeganregulatingpollutionwiththeCleanAirActof1970.Ittookyearstofigureouthowtostoreandtreathazardouswastesafely,whiletheclean-upsareincrediblycomplicatedandlaboriousprojects.

Firstcomestheinvestigationandriskassessmenttosortoutexactlywhatcontaminantsareatthesiteandwhatthreattheyposetohumanhealth.Thetestsareexpensiveandhavetobetakenindifferentseasonstoseehowgroundwaterisaffected.Theyoftenturnuphiddenhazardsthatneedtobedealtwithimmediately.

Designinganappropriateremedycanalsotakeseveralyears,whiletheactualcleanupworkcanlastfordecades.Somecontaminantscanbeburned.Otherscanbebrokendownbysunlightorbugsorburiedunderacapofcleansoil.Othersstillmustbeseparatedfromsalvageablesoilandmaterialssenttoanapprovedhazardouswastesite.Atsomepointnothingcanbedone.Evenwhenalltheworkiscomplete,itdoesn'tactuallyend.Sitesneedtoberevisitedperiodicallytomakesurethecontaminantshaven'tescaped.Andthenumberofnewsitesandspillsisgrowingamidthelatesteconomicdownturn.