References

Main literature:

1.“Objective” cae second edition by Felicity O’Dell and Annie Broadhead. Student’s book. Cambridge University Press. 2012.

2.“New English File” by Clive Oxenden and Christina Koenig for Advanced level. Student’s book. Oxford University Press. 2012.

Additional literature:

3. First Certificate Language Practice by Micheal Vince. Macmillam, 2012.

HAND OUT № 21 (141) Discipline: English as a foreign language Credit - 2 Advanced level Practical lesson Lexical theme: Weather and climate Grammar: Present perfect simple and Present perfect continuous Teacher: associate professor Nagiyatova Lazzat Bermahanovna

D o you think that people in general are concerned about the environment? If so, what concerns them most? If not, why ? Many companies today advertise the ways in which they are environmentally-friendly.

I s this a positive development or does it have little effect. What should governments be doing about environmental problems?

‘When all is said and done, the weather and love are the two elements about which one can never be sure.’   (Alice Hoffman)

GRAMMAR COMMENT: Present perfect simple and Present perfect continuous

Present perfect simple refers to:

Recent events, without a definite time given. The recentness may be indicated by just.

We've missed the turning. I've just seen a ghost!

Indefinite events, which happened at an unknown time in the past. No definite time is given.

Jim has had three car accidents, (up to the present)

Indefinite events which may have an obvious result in the present.

I've twisted my ankle, (that's why I'm limping)

With state verbs, a state which lasts up to the present.

I've lived here for the past ten years.

Present perfect continuous (progressive) can refer to a range of meanings,

depending on the time expression used and the context.

A state which lasts up to the present moment

I've been waiting for you for three hours!

An incomplete activity

I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished.

To emphasize duration

I've been writing letters all morning.

A recently finished activity

I've been running. That's why I look hot.

A repeated activity

I've been taking French lessons this year.

Underline the correct phrase in each sentence.

1. The price of petrol has risen/has been rising by 15% over the past year.

2. No wonder you are overweight! You have eaten/You have been eating chocolates all day long!

3. I've read/I've been reading a really good book this morning.

4. Doesn't this room look better? I've put/I've been putting some posters up on the walls.

5. Don't disappoint me! I've counted/I've been counting on you.

Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

1. It's a long time since/when I last saw you.

2. I've seen Bill quite often/ lately/from time to time.

3. Have you spoken to the director beforehand/already?

4. I've lived in the same house for years/for ever.

5. I've read the paper now/still.

E xercise 1. [T. 21]

Listen to the recording ‘Weather and climate’ and give T (true) and F (false) answers.

		true	false
	Tim says if the world’s warming up, we’ll have better holidays
	We’re reducing our greenhouse gas emissions
	Wendy thinks that storms are a natural phenomenon
	Wendy thinks that people should study the data more rather than the hype

E xercise 2. Listen again and make notes about each speaker’s views. Work with a partner and compare and contrast Tim and Wendy’s views using linking devices where appropriate. Say whether you agree with them or not.

Exercise 3. Talk about climate change:

How do you think will the climate change in the future?

D o you agree with the predictions of our scientists about global warming?

E xercise 4. With a partner, discuss these questions:

What climatic area of the world do you live in? What are the features of this climate?

Do you think climate affects people’s personalities? Give examples

U seful language

Every weather has its charm Man proposes, but God disposes.

After rain comes fair weather. It never rains but it pours

Exercise 5. Look at the highlighted words in the blogs and discuss what they mean.

Posted: Tuesday 4^th September

Yesterday was unbelievable. Though we were warned there was going to be a terrible storm, no one really expected or could possibly have visualized hurricane-force winds destroying bus stops and ripping trees out of the wet soil. They told us not to cycle anywhere and to stay indoors, but I had a job interview in the center so I had to go out.

Thank God I did manage to get there, but I had to grab hold of traffic lights so I wouldn’t be blown into the road. I saw some crazy people on bikes-some of them got blown over and one even seemed to be going backwards. The canals were full of rubbish bins that had got blown in and there were piles of bikes in the streets and broken umbrellas everywhere, which people obviously thought they were going to be able to use and then couldn’t. What a mess.

Posted: Sunday 22^nd July

I never knew this kind of heat was possible here. Last Wednesday was the hottest day ever in this country. The roads were melting in some areas, and the underground was a total nightmare – it was like being slowly cooked in an oven. The main problem is that people here don’t seem to understand the need for air conditioning during the summer. There is no escaping the heat and if you actually want to go anywhere, you have to be prepared to sweat and learn to enjoy your task sweating. Even going for an ice-cold beer can be uncomfortable if the pub isn’t at least equipped with a large fan. So I sit here sweating in my living room.

Exercise 6. Answer the questions. Would any of these three types of weather be surprising where you live? Have you had any surprising weather where you live recently?

Exercise 7. Here are some more words related to the weather. Match a word from the list (a-i) with a word which collocates (1-9). Make up a micro text using these words collocations.

a torrential 1defences

b high 2 freezing

c ice 3 forecast

d sea 4 gale

e below 5 gusts

f long-range 6 cap

g squally 7 rain

h ozone 8 tide

i force nine 9 layer

Exercise 8. Complete this weather report with some of the collocations from Vocabulary and read the following text and write a short summary.

It may be Easter in the UK but no one seems to have told the weather! The west coast is receiving a constant battering from a (1)___________ which has ripped roofs from houses in Devon and Cornwall. What’s more, this is bringing with it (2)__________ which has caused flood alerts to be issued for some areas. This makes you really believe what they say about the (3)___________ melting; floods seem to have been a much more common occurrence in the UK over the last year or so. Coastal areas are phone to flooding too as this spring sees (4)___________ at record levels in the Severn estuary. In this area too (5)___________ have been breached and waves rolled into town centers in some cases. As if all this wasn’t enough, night temperatures have been (6)___________ all week leaving gardeners bewildered as to what they should do with their spring plants.

Check yourself

1. I ___________ letters all morning

a) have wrote

b) 've been writing

c) have written

d) have been written

2. The price of petrol ___________by 15% over the past year.

a) has been rising

b) has risen

c) was risen

d) is being risen

3. There are dire _____________of 80 million more people being exposed to malaria.

a) emission

b) prediction

c) saying

d) experiencing

4. Conversely, we are ______________more powerful hurricanes.

a) experiencing

b) estimating

c) warning

d) melting.