IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:

restrictions on trade to end embargo

to make goods expensive to limit imports

domestic consumers to impose embargo

domestically produced goods to maintain embargo

to raise import prices to be competitive

X. Change these sentences according to the models:

Model A : Are they still discussing the problem? No, they've just finished discussing.

1. Are they still examining the arguments for and against international trade? (to finish) 2. Has the country been buying goods and services from the rest of the world long? (to begin) 3. Is the country still importing more? (to stop) Model B : I don't like if when you miss lectures. ⁽

I don't like your missing lectures.

1. He enjoys it when she sings. 2. I hate it when he takes the floor. 3. I don't mind it if you play the piano. 4. She dislikes it when they make noise. Model C : What did he say about the film? He said it was worth seeing.

1. What did they say about the agreement? (to reach) 2. What did he say about the document? (to sign) 3. What did he say about the proposal? (to think over) 4. What did she say about his article? (to read) 5. What did they say about his ideas? (to listen to)

XI. Translate into English using Gerunds: s

1. U,i apryMeHTM eapio po3rnnHy™. 2. Lbo ctsttio eapyo o6roBopnTM. 3. npHmmiTb po3MOBnaTM, 6yp,b nacKa. 4. I~1ohh-Hafire HMTaTM. 5. Mm He 3anepeHyeMO, w,o6 bh npneflHanncn flo Hac. 6. 51 He o6pa>Kaiocn, kojim MeHe KpMTMKyroTb, hklu,o ue cnpaseflnHBo.

XII. Communicative situations:

t. Country N refuses to contact with the outside economic world. Discuss the situation.

2. The USA has a positive trade balance. In what case? Give your remarks.

3. The USA and Ukraine are economic partners. What will this country export to USA and what imports will it have? What can you say about the situation?

Lesson 32

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:

LDC (less developed country) — xpaiVia, mo po3BHBaeTbcn

e.g. Most less developed countries (LDCs) are characterized by both low GNP per capita and slow income growth.

productivity — npoayKTMBnicTt>

e.g. Output per unit of input; output per labor hour is a productivity.

subsistence level — npowMTKOBMM piseHb

e.g. Most of the population in Haiti lives at the subsistence level.

hard currency — TBepAa KOHBepToeaHa samoTa

e.g. Governments need «hard» currencies to buy new capital and other imported resources.

debt servicing — o6cnyroByeaHHH 6opry, KaniTanbHoY cyMk 6opry a6o BiacoTKiB

e.g. The interest required to be paid each year on out­standing debt is a debt servicing.

market shortage — HeflocTa-mfl pMHKOBa npono3nu,ifi

e.g. The amount by which the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at a given price; excess demand.

infrastructure — tHtppactpyKTypa

e.g. infrastructure consists of the physical and institutional features that facilitate economic activity.

World Bank — CbJtobhm 6ahk

e.g. The most prominent lending agency is the World Bank.