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X
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions and word-combinations:
- •X. Inform the group about your activities and find out if he or she does the same:
- •XI. Express doubt concerning the truth of the following statements:
- •XII. Ask about the following as in the model:
- •XIII. Translate info English:
- •XIV. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •IX. Make your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •X. Open the brackets using the Present Indefinite Tense in the Passive Voice:
- •XI. Read and change the sentences according to the model:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and words-combinations:
- •X. Refer the following statements to the past:
- •XI. Ask questions to which the following statements are answers:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •Vei. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •X. Express the following in the Passive Voice:
- •XI. Ask questions to the following sentences:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following exp ressions:
- •X. Inform the group about the future activites or states:
- •XI. Ask for confirmations of the truth of the following statements:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following exp ressions:
- •X. Make the following sentences passive:
- •XI. Translate the verbs in brackets in English using them in the necessary tense-form:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and) translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using Hie following expressions:
- •X. Put questions to the italicized words:
- •XI. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the fallowing words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Change the following sentences using the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •XI. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Put the infinitives in brackets in the Past Continuous Tense:
- •XII. Translate into English using the Past Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •XI. Ask when and w/iaf-quesfions using the Passive Voice:
- •XII. Translate into English using the Past Continuous Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •XI. Change the following sentences from direct into indirect speech:
- •XII. Translate into English using the Future Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Transform the negative form of the Present Continuous Tense into the affirmative form of the Present Perfect Tense (the Active Voice):
- •XI. Put the infinitives in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense (the Active Voice):
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •XI. Ask when and w/rere-questions using the Passive Voice:
- •XII. Translate into English, using the Present Perfect Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •X. Change from direct into indirect speech:
- •XI. Ask questions as in the model:
- •XII. Translate into English using the Past Perfect Tense (the Active Voice):
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill In the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Make up one complex sentence according to the mo del:
- •XI. Make the following sentences passive:
- •XII. Translate info English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word' combinations and word-groups:
- •IV. Read and translate the text;
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII, Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Change the following sentences using the Future Perfect Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •XI. Use the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Combine the given two sentences into one using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •XI. Complete the following sentences as in the model:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Complete the following sentences as in the model using the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •XI. Ask questions to which the following statements are answers:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situation:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •XI. Change the verbs in the principle clause into the Past Indefinite Tense and make all the necessary changes in the subordinate clause:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Answer the following questions as in the models:
- •Xl Change the following sentences using the Present Subjunctive II and the Conditional Mood:
- •XII. Translate into English using the Conditional Mood:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-qroups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Xl Paraphrase the sentences as in the model:
- •XII. Translate into English using Subjunctive I:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •XI. Paraphrase the following sentences:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Paraphrase the sentences using Subjunctive II as in the model:
- •XI. Complete the following sentences:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •111. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read) and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Replace the attributive clauses by the Infinitive:
- •XI. Make sentences with seem and appear according to the model:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up youp own dialogue using the following expressions and word-combinations:
- •X. Combine the given two sentences into one using the Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •XI. Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the following terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Change the following sentences into simple ones using the Subjective Infinitive Complex:
- •XI. Change the sentences according to the model:
- •XII. Translate into English:
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Change the following sentences using participle phrases instead of the subordinate clauses:
- •XI. Translate into English using Participle I, Participle II where it is necessary:
- •XII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •111. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Participle Complex:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Absolute Participle Complex:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks wffh appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •X. Change these sentences according to the models:
- •XII. Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Fill in the blanks wffh appropriate words:
- •IV. Read and translate the text:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •VII. Translate info English:
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •X. Change the following sentences according to the models:
- •Vocabulary
II. Give English equivalents of the following:
KynyBaTM 3 MeToto po3uunpeHHfl HafiMa™ po6iTHMKiB
Ta noniniueHHfl Bnpo6wmnx oco6hctmS npn6yTOK
MOWfiHBOCTeM piBeHb 3aMMHTOCTi
nepefl6aneHHJ) MafiSyTHboro 3aranbHi BMTpaTM
36yry Ta npn6yTKiB pieeHb ujh
3afloBonbHMTH norpe6n cnojKMBa,Ha y u,bOMy poayMiHHi ynacHkKM pmmkobmx bjahochh
94
95
aggregate supply
combination
market participants
expenditures
aggregate demand
quantity
to hire
goods
services
demand
sufficiently
expenditure
income
interest rates
III. Fill In the blanks with appropriate words:
Aggregate demand is the total ... of output demanded at alterative price levels in a given time period.Equilibrium is the ... of price level and real output that is compatible with both ... and aggregate supply.
... is the total quantity of output producers are willing and able to supply at alternative price levels in a given time period.
Aggregate spending is the rate of total ... desired at alternative levels of income.
The role of business firms in factor markets is ... available workers and other factors of production to produce ... and ....
In fact all of the income spent in product markets ends up as income for ... .
Firms will ... more labor only if the demand for the goods and services such labor producer is ... strong.
Consumption decisions are influenced by a variety of forces, including ..., prices wealth and expectations.
9. Investment is ... on new plant and equipment in a given time period, plus changes in business inventories.
IV. Read and translate the text:
Producers have some notion of how much output they are willing and able to produce at various price levels. Likewise, consumers, businesses, governments, and the rest of the world have some notion of how much output they are willing and able to buy at different price levels. These forces of aggregate demand and aggregate supply confront each other in the market place. Eventually, buyers and sellers discover that only one nprice-outputtt combination is acceptable to both sides. This is the «price-output» combination we designate as (macro) equilibrium. , sr.,. s , ,_
At equilibrium, the aggregate quantity of goods demanded exactly equals the aggregate quantity supplied. In the absence of macro disturbances, the economy will gravitate toward equilibrium — and stay there.
Dollar expenditures (total spending) are directly related to the flow of real goods and services; the level of employment depends on the willingness of people to spend their incomes. Businesses hire workers only if the goods and services such workers produce can be sold in product markets. Firms will demand more labor only if the demand for goods and services such labor produces is sufficiently strong.
In this sense we say that employers have a derived demand for labor, a demand that is derived from demands for final goods and services.
Consumer expenditures account for two-thirds of total spending in the U.S. economy. We need to determine what factors influence the rate of consumption and thus the potential for achieving full employment.
Consumption decisions are influenced by a variety of forces, including income, prices, interest rates, wealth and expectations.
Disposable income (Dl) represents the amount of income consumers can actually choose to spend or not spend (save) in a given time period.
Business firms purchase a new plant and equipment for the purpose of expending or improving their output capabilities; such purchases are called fixed investment. Firms also acquire inventories of goods that can be used to satisfy consumer demands; such expenditures are called inventory investment. Both forms of investment represent a demand for output and are therefore counted as part of aggregate spending.
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