XI. Match the two columns and translate the sentences.

1. Sue must have worked hard. A. She worked hard, but it wasn’t necessary.

2. Sandra can’t have worked hard. B. She didn’t work hard, but it was necessary.

3. Samantha should have worked hard. C. She worked hard, I am sure.

4. Sally needn’t have worked hard. D. She probably worked hard, but I’m not sure.

5. Sheryl may have worked hard. E. She didn’t work hard, I am certain.

Who worked the best and who worked the worst, in your opinion?

XII. Rewrite the sentences using modals from the box.

Example: I advise you to go to the dentist’s more often.

→ You should go to the dentist’s more often.

may must should might needn’t couldn’t can ought to

1. Pleaselend me $50. (… lend me $50?)

2. I advise you to take malaria pills but it is essential that you have a cholera injection. (You…)

3. Perhaps things will get better. (Things…)

4. A lot of people didn’t know how to read or write at that time. (A lot of people…)

5. That’s a loud knock on the door. It’s almost certainly Bill. (It…)

6. Is it possible for meto use your computer? (… use your computer?)

7. Now it’s not necessary for pupils to wear a uniform at school. (Pupils…)

XIII. Consolidation: modals.

A) Choose the correct answer.

1) _______ I have a look at those books in the window, pleas?

a) Must b) Would c) Should d) Could

2) We _______ pay for the tickets as Joe won them in a competition.

a) mustn’t b) didn’t have to c) couldn’t d) hadn’t to

3) You really _______ make such a mountain out of a molehill!

a) can’t b) won’t c) mightn’t d) shouldn’t

4) I hope we _______ find the cinema easily.

a) could b) may c) might d) can

5) All rooms at the hotel were occupied, so we _______ sleep in the car. That was awful!

a) must b) should c) had to d) could

6) You’ll _______ tell the police that your house was broken into.

a) have to b) must c) had to d) should

7) - You _______ park here, sir! - Sorry, I haven’t noticed the sign!

a) needn’t b) shouldn’t c) aren’t to d) aren’t allowed to

8) Everyone is asleep. We _______ make noise.

a) couldn’t b) mustn’t c) needn’t d) wouldn’t

9) _______ you like to go for a ride with us?

a) Do b) Should c) Will d) Would

10) I’m quite happy to walk. You _______ drive me home.

a) don’t b) haven’t c) mustn’t d) needn’t

B) Here is some information for visitors to New York City. Write the missing words. Use one word only in each space.

Before you travel to the USA, you (1) _______ find out what documents you need. British people do not (2) _______ to get a visa, but there are different rules for different nationalities. For example, you (3) _______ need to show that you have enough money with you. But there’s one rule you can be sure about: everyone (4) _______ to show their passport. The roads in New York are very busy, but don’t worry – you (5) _______ get around cheaply and easily by subway. Remember that you are not (6) _______ to smoke on public transport or in shops. And don’t forget either that you are (7) _______ to tip taxi drivers and waiters. New York is not the most dangerous city in the USA, but you really (8) _______ walk along empty streets at night. And it is safer if you are (9) _______ to travel in a group.

XIV.٭ Legal English.

Read through the following text, noting how shall and may are used. Answer the questions.

1. Which of these words most closely matches the meaning of shall in each case?

a) will b) must

2. Which of these words most closely matches the meaning of may in the text?

a) can b) could