- •1. Sentence – proposition – utterance – speech act correlation
- •2. The simple sentence and its types
- •3. Parts of the sentence. Criteria of establishing parts of the sentence.
- •4. Typology of parts of the sentence
- •5. The hierarchical structure of the sentence. The Immediate constituents analysis.
- •6. Simple and complex parts of the sentence: characteristics and grouping.
- •7. The structural paradigm of the simple sentence: external and internal approach.
- •8. Transformational processes
- •9. Semantic and functional paradigms of the simple sentence
- •10. The notion of the functional sentence perspective
- •11. Formal means of differentiation between the theme and the rheme
9. Semantic and functional paradigms of the simple sentence
It gives the semantic paradigm. It is built by semantic configurations of different sentences.
The semantic configurations – is a linear order of semantic roles as components of the deep structure of this sentence.
Each semantic role is a component of the semantic level of the sentence – it represents the meaning of a part of the sent. as a component of the surface level of this sent. (agent+action+patient+instrument).
The application of the functional criterion to the analysis of the sentence gives the functional paradigm of the sentence. This paradigm is built by different functional sentence types distinguished on the basis of the communicative intention of the speaker.
G.G. Pocheptsov (six-member paradigm): constative + performative + menassive + promissive + quessitive + directive.
10. The notion of the functional sentence perspective
Besides nominative, there is another division of the sentence called “the actual division or FSP”. It reveals correlative significance of the parts of the sentence from the point of view of their informative value.
The purpose of the actual division of the sentence is to reveal a semantic contribution of the parts of the sentence to the total information conveyed by the sentence in connected speech. The actual division of the sentence exposes its informative perspective.
11. Formal means of differentiation between the theme and the rheme
Two main notions of the actual division of the sentence are:
the theme (communicative subject) – it expresses the starting point of communication; by denoting an object / phenomenon about which something is reported, the theme conveys information already known;
the rheme (communicative predicate) it is the basic informative part of communication that conveys new information; the rheme emphasizes the contextually relevant centre of what is reported.
Apart from the T and R as two main components of the actual division of the sentence, there are some intermediary parts called ‘transitions’.
There are prototypically correlate with its 2 principal parts: T correlates with the logical subject, and R – with the logical predicate.
‘rheme+theme=pattern’