Vocabulary Expansion
Remember: noun suffixes: -ment, -ture adjective suffixes: -able, -y |
a) Read correctly the nouns with the suffix –ture [tə]:
nature, picture, culture, feature, agriculture, future.
b) Give the nouns of the following verbs with the suffix –ment:
manage, develop, govern.
c) Write the adjectives of the following nouns with the suffix –y or –able:
value, might, rain.
Translate the following phrases into Russian:
mighty rivers, tiny streamlets, important rivers, a great number of streams, the world’s greatest rivers, man-made canals, flowing waterways, lakes and reservoirs
Make up a word combination with the words given below. Translate them into Russian:
... reservoirs, ... resources, ... opportunities, ... features, ... lands, ... uses, ... generation
municipal, power, recreational, valuable, man-made, geologic, agricultural
Find the synonyms:
1) way n
a) small a
2) lake n
b) stream n
3) tiny a
c) nature n
4) river n
d) reservoir n
5) wildlife n
e) trade v
6) commerce v
f) widen v
7) expand v
g) chance n
8) opportunity n
h) road n
Complete the phrases using the words given below. Translate them into Russian:
is crossed by ..., carry ..., represent ..., provide with ..., are defined by ..., dictate ..., are important for ...
some of the valuable natural resources, industrial and agricultural uses, hydropower for communities, the patterns of future growth, a great number of rivers and streams, some categories, over 360 thousand cubic km of water
Translate the following sentences paying attention to the new words:
1. The main Siberian rivers flow into the seas of the Arctic Ocean.
2. The rivers in the European Russia carry about 500 cubic km of water north and 400 cubic km south.
3. Several water reservoirs are to be built on the Pechora.
4. In the thirties a 128-km long canal was built to connect (соединить) Moscow with the Volga River, and later large man-made reservoirs were formed nearby (поблизости).
5. The 1,200-km long river Zeya provide people from hundreds of villages and towns with hydropower.
6. We don’t always have drinking water of good quality.
7. The Volga – the main “street” in Samara – is important for domestic, municipal and industrial uses of the city.
Fill in the blanks with proper word:
stream / waterway
1. There is a lovely ... that flows through their garden.
expands/ carries
2. The air in the balloon (шар) ... when heated (при нагревании).
mighty / tiny
3. The ... river Po flows through the fields.
opportunity / community
4. He is well-known in his ...
represents / defines
5. This book on fresh water resources ... ten years of thought and research (научная работа).
value / quality
6. The place you live in is of great historical ...
route / pattern
7. The ... of social life is to change in the near future.
Give the English equivalents of:
большое количество рек; озера и искусственные водохранилища; несут тысячи кубометров воды; полноводные реки; крошечные ручейки; величайшие реки мира; окружающие (прилегающие) земли; ценный естественный ресурс; водные пути; транспортные маршруты; обеспечивают людей питьевой водой; гидроэнергия для населенных пунктов; ценность ресурсов; использование рек; качество воды; важны для бытового и муниципального использования; образцы будущего роста; управление водными ресурсами.
Grammar Study
The Present Simple Tense Active / Passive Voice |
Remember: Active Voice Passive Voice I give – Я даю I am given – Мне дают He gives – Он дает He is given – Ему дают They give – Они дают They are given – Им дают |
Choose the proper translation:
is made a) сделан
b) делает
are surrounded a) окружают
b) окружены
represents a) представляет
b) представлен
is carried a) несет
b) переносится, несется
define a) определяют
b) определяются
are provided a) обеспечивают
b) обеспечены
am used a) использую
b) используют
Put in am / is / are:
1. Water ... often purified by mechanical and biological methods.
2. Dams ... built across rivers to create reservoirs.
3. If the air ... cooled, the vapour condenses into water drops.
4. How ... water for municipal use distributed (распределяется)?
5. The swimming pool ... not filled with water.
6. ... the Water Supply Department represented at this conference?
7. My family and I ... provided with drinking water of good quality.
Choose the proper form and translate the sentences:
1. The Earth’s surface (crosses / is crossed) by a great number of rivers and streams.
2. The man-made river and its reservoirs (provide / are provided) a good basis for development of surrounding lands.
3. When building canals a lot of machinery… usually… (use / is used).
4. The irrigated areas (expand / are expanded) every year.
5. Water specialists (define / are defined) the value of many rivers using some categories.
6. The river (flows / is flowed) between its steep (крутые) banks.
7. The castle (замок) (surrounds / is surrounded) by a deep channel.
Remember: I am not given Am I given … ? He is not given Is he given … ? They are not given Are they given … ? |
Make the following sentences negative:
1. This dam is made of earth.
2. Fresh water is always replenished through precipitation.
3. Water treatment (обработка) is required here.
4. The flooding area (затапливаемая площадь) is drained every year.
5. The people of the city are supplied with drinking water from the nearby river.
6. The territory of the country is crossed by a great number of tiny streamlets.
7. Ground water is often contaminated (загрязнена).
Answer the following questions:
1. Is your country’s surface crossed by a great number of rivers, streams and canals?
2. What are the resource values and uses of many rivers defined by?
3. What are rivers used for?
4. Are the rivers in your locality surrounded by agricultural lands?
5. What is the main river in your place? Is it used for power generation?
6. What kind of drinking water are you provided with?
7. How is drinking water purified?
Write questions to the following sentences:
1. The great area of the country is drained by the Amazon.
What kind of ... ?
2. The Niagara Falls (водопад) are in fact divided into two by Goat Island.
How many parts ... ?
3. About one tenth of the world is covered in ice.
What ... ?
4. The patterns of future city growth are often dictated by waterways.
What ... by?
5. At the conference the company is represented by Head of Water Resources Forecast (прогнозирование) Department.
Whom ... ?
6. Well-known experts are often given energy and water problems to solve.
Who ... ?
7. Water for municipal use is usually piped.
Why ... ?
Remember: Active Voice Passive Voice Do you give? Are you given? Does he give? Is he given? |
Make Yes / No questions:
1. All the life on earth depends on water.
2. We need water for growing plants.
3. Control of the water quality is based on a national drinking water standard.
4. The Volga River gives Moscow yellowish water with a peculiar (особый) taste and smell.
5. The main water supply in Salt Lake City is obtained (осуществляется) from five canyon streams (реки каньонов).
6. Many communities have water problems.
7. In order (чтобы) to transport water self-running canals are built.
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Degrees of Comparison
Remember: bigger (than) – больше (чем) the biggest – самый большой more useful (than) – полезнее (чем) the most useful – самый полезный
|
Translate the following sentences paying attention to the degrees of comparison of adjectives:
1. Rivers are wider, deeper and longer than streams.
2. Africa’s largest lake, covering almost 70,000 sq km is Lake Victoria.
3. Russia contains the world’s largest and deepest lakes.
4. Parts of Siberia in Russia are among the coldest places in the world.
5. Air rising gently gives longer, steadier rain.
6. The river Thames may be more beautiful now but it is getting more dangerous (опасной).
7. The Nile is the most important water resource for some African countries.
Match the following parts into sentences: