Покажчик термінів та понять на англійській мові

Abstraction…………………………………………………………………………………

7

Accounting costs……………………………….………………………………………….

9

Accounting profit ………………………………………………………………………….

9

Analogy …………………………………………………………………………………….

8

Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………..

7

Antimonopoly policy/legislation…………………………………………………………...

8

Antitrust policy/legislation…………………………………………………………………

8

Arc elasticity of demand……………………………………………………………………

18

Asymmetric information……………………………………………………………………

8

Autonomous income………………………………………………………………………..

7

Average cost ……………………………………………………………………………….

40

Average fixed cost………………………………………………………………………….

40

Average product of a variable input/capital………………………………………………..

41

Average product of a variable input/labor………………………………………………….

41

Average productivity of capital…………………………………………………………….

41

Average productivity of labor………………………………………………………………

41

Average profit ……………………………………………………………………………...

41

Average revenue……………………………………………………………………………

41

Average variable cost………………………………………………………………………

40

Barrier to entry……………………………………………………………………………..

12

Bertrand model……………………………………………………………………………..

29

Bilaterall monopoly………………………………………………………………………...

16

Break-even point…………………………………………………………………………….

44

Budget constrain……………………………………………………………………………

9

Competitive firm……………………………………………………………………………

24

Complementary goods……………………………………………………………………...

10

Concentration index………………………………………………………………………...

22

Conglomerate merger………………………………………………………………………

24

Constant returns of scale…………………………………………………………………..

34

Consumer equilibrium……………………………………………………………………...

39

Consumer surplus…………………………………………………………………………..

31

Contract curve………………………………………………………………………………

28

Cost-plus pricing…………………………………………………………………………….

46

Cournot model……………………………………………………………………………...

29

Cross elasticity……………………………………………………………………………...

34

Сobb-Douglas production function………………………………………………………….

11

Сonstant-costs industry……………………………………………………………………...

13

Сonsumer’s rational behavior hypothesis…………………………………………………..

13

Сo-operative game…………………………………………………………………………..

25

Сost-benefit analysis………………………………………………………………………..

7

Сosts/economic costs………………………………………………………………………..

11

Decreasing returns to scale…………………………………………………………………

42

Decreasing-costs industry…………………………………………………………………..

13

Deduction……………………………………………………………………………………

16

Deficit……………………………………………………………………………………….

16

Demand on land for agricultural use……………………………………………………….

41

Demand……………………………………………………………………………………..

34

Derived demand……………………………………………………………………………

12

Direct elasticity……………………………………………………………………………..

37

Discounting………………………………………………………………………………….

16

Diseconomies of scale……………………………………………………………………...

12

Duopoly……………………………………………………………………………………..

18

Economic agent…………………………………………………………………………….

42

Economic good……………………………………………………………………………..

19

Economic profit…………………………………………………………………………….

19

Economical effeciency……………………………………………………………………..

9

Economies of scale…………………………………………………………………………

19

Edgeworth box diagram……………………………………………………………………

42

Efficiency……………………………………………………………………………………

20

Elastic demand……………………………………………………………………………...

19

Elasticity of supply…………………………………………………………………………

19

Elasticity…………………………………………………………………………………….

19

Employer……………………………………………………………………………………

35

Engel curve…………………………………………………………………………………

26

Equal marginal principle…………………………………………………………………...

36

Equilibrium price…………………………………………………………………………...

39

Equilibrium quantity………………………………………………………………………..

39

Equilibrium………………………………………………………………………………….

39

Exchange economy…………………………………………………………………………

18

Excise tax…………………………………………………………………………………..

7

Expansion path……………………………………………………………………………..

47

Extended budget constrain…………………………………………………………………

39

Externalities…………………………………………………………………………………

21

Final product………………………………………………………………………………..

24

Firm………………………………………………………………………………………....

44

First degree price discrimination (perfect price discrimination)…………………………...

45

Fixed cost…………………………………………………………………………………..

35

Fixed in­puts……………………………………………………………………………….. 

35

Free good…………………………………………………………………………………...

11

Future value………………………………………………………………………………...

28

Game ………………………………………………………………………………………..

13

Giffen good…………………………………………………………………………………

44

Good………………………………………………………………………………………...

8

Herfindahl-Hirshman index ………………………………………………………………...

22

Horizontal merger…………………………………………………………………………..

13

Household…………………………………………………………………………………...

18

Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………..

13

Income-consumption curve…………………………………………………………………

27

Increasing returns of scale…………………………………………………………………

34

Indifferent curve map………………………………………………………………………

24

Indifferent curve…………………………………………………………………………….

26

Individual demand………………………………………………………………………….

23

Individual supply…………………………………………………………………………...

23

Induction……………………………………………………………………………………

23

Industry……………………………………………………………………………………..

12

Inelastic demand……………………………………………………………………………

31

Inferior good………………………………………………………………………………..

44

Inputs perfect substitutes production function……………………………………………...

11

Inputs………………………………………………………………………………………..

10

Interest rate…………………………………………………………………………………

37

Interest……………………………………………………………………………………….

37

Internal rate of return……………………………………………………………………….

12

Intertemporal budget line…………………………………………………………………...

29

Intertemporal choice theory………………………………………………………………..

43

Investition…………………………………………………………………………………...

22

Isocost line map…………………………………………………………………………….

24

Isocost line………………………………………………………………………………….

22

Isoquant map………………………………………………………………………………..

23

Isoquant……………………………………………………………………………………..

21

Іmperfect competition………………………………………………………………………

32

Іncreasing-costs industry……………………………………………………………………

13

Іntermediate product………………………………………………………………………..

36

Kinked demand curve model……………………………………………………………….

29

Labor market………………………………………………………………………………..

38

Labor………………………………………………………………………………………...

35

Land market………………………………………………………………………………...

38

Land…………………………………………………………………………………………

36

Law of demand……………………………………………………………………………..

21

Law of diminishing returns…………………………………………………………………

21

Law of supply………………………………………………………………………………

21

Least cost combination of resources rule…………………………………………………..

35

Leontieff (fixed-proportions) production function…………………………………………

11

Lerner index………………………………………………………………………………..

23

Long run……………………………………………………………………………………

17

Long-run competitive equilibrium………………………………………………………….

17

Long-run average cost………………………………………………………………………

40

Long-run costs………………………………………………………………………………

20

Long-run equilibrium for monopolistically competitive firm………………………………

17

Long-run equilibrium for monopoly………………………………………………………..

17

Long-run marginal cost……………………………………………………………………..

17

Long-run supply curve………………………………………………………………………

17

Lump-sun tax………………………………………………………………………………..

33

Marginal analysis…………………………………………………………………………...

15

Marginal product of a variable input/capital……………………………………………….

15

Marginal product of a variable input/labor…………………………………………………

15

Marginal productivity of capital……………………………………………………………

15

Marginal productivity of labor……………………………………………………………..

15

Marginal profit……………………………………………………………………………..

15

marginal rate of substitution of leisure for income…………………………………………

14

Marginal rate of substitution………………………………………………………………..

14

Marginal rate of technical substitution of capital for labor…………………………………

14

Marginal rate of technical substitution of labor for capital…………………………………

14

Marginal rate of time preference……………………………………………………………

14

Marginal resource cost of labor……………………………………………………………

16

Marginal resource cost of capital…………………………………………………………..

16

Marginal revenue product of capital………………………………………………………..

15

Marginal revenue product of labor…………………………………………………………

15

Marginal revenue…………………………………………………………………………...

15

Marginal utility……………………………………………………………………………..

14

Market demand……………………………………………………………………………..

38

Market labor supply………………………………………………………………………...

38

Market signaling……………………………………………………………………………

38

Market supply………………………………………………………………………………

38

Market structure……………………………………………………………………………..

38

Market……………………………………………………………………………………….

38

Merger……………………………………………………………………………………….

21

Method………………………………………………………………………………………

29

Microeconomics……………………………………………………………………………..

29

Model……………………………………………………………………………………….

29

Monopolistic competition…………………………………………………………………..

30

Monopolistic firm…………………………………………………………………………..

30

Monopoly power……………………………………………………………………………

30

Monopoly……………………………………………………………………………………

30

Monopsony………………………………………………………………………………….

31

Natural monopoly…………………………………………………………………………..

36

Natural resource…………………………………………………………………………….

36

Net social cost………………………………………………………………………………

47

Nominal wage……………………………………………………………………………....

32

Non-agricultural demand on land…………………………………………………………...

32

Non-cooperative game………………………………………………………………………

31

Non-price determinants……………………………………………………………………..

32

Nonzero-sum game………………………………………………………………………….

14

Normal goods……………………………………………………………………………….

32

Normal profit……………………………………………………………………………….

32

Normative analysis………………………………………………………………………….

32

Oligopoly……………………………………………………………………………………

33

Oligopsony………………………………………………………………………………….

33

Opportunity cost……………………………………………………………………………

7

Ordinal utility……………………………………………………………………………….

34

Outputs………………………………………………………………………………………

10

Paradox of profits…………………………………………………………………………...

33

Partial equilibrium………………………………………………………………………….

47

Payoff……………………………………………………………………………………….

10

Perfect elastic demand……………………………………………………………………...

7

Perfect inelastic demand……………………………………………………………………

7

Perfect competition…………………………………………………………………………

18

Player ……………………………………………………………………………………….

14

Point elasticity of demand………………………………………………………………….

19

Positive analysis…………………………………………………………………………….

34

Predatory pricing……………………………………………………………………………

44

Present discounted value……………………………………………………………………

35

Present value………………………………………………………………………………..

35

Price ceiling regulation……………………………………………………………………..

12

Price discrimination………………………………………………………………………...

45

Price elasticity of demand………………………………………………………………….

19

Price fixing………………………………………………………………………………….

44

Price leadership……………………………………………………………………………..

28

Price war……………………………………………………………………………………

45

Price rigidity…………………………………………………………………………………

29

Price-consumption curve……………………………………………………………………

28

Price-maker firm…………………………………………………………………………….

46

Price-taker firm……………………………………………………………………………...

46

Private goods……………………………………………………………………………….

35

Producer surplus…………………………………………………………………………….

31

Producer equilibrium………………………………………………………………………..

39

Product differentiation …………………………………………………………………….

16

Production function………………………………………………………………………..

10

Production possibility curve………………………………………………………………..

27

Public goods (and services), social goods………………………………………………….

43

Purchasing power of money………………………………………………………………..

9

Pure monopoly……………………………………………………………………………..

18

Quality...................................................................................................................................

47

Reaction curve……………………………………………………………………………..

28

Rent…………………………………………………………………………………………

37

Resource/factor of production………………………………………………………………

37

Risk…………………………………………………………………………………………. 

37

Scarcity………………………………………………………………………………………

39

Second degree price discrimination………………………………………………………...

45

Segmented market…………………………………………………………………………..

40

Short run…………………………………………………………………………………….

26

Short-run average cost……………………………………………………………………….

40

Short-run competitive equilibrium…………………………………………………………..

25

Short-run equilibrium for monopolistically competitive firm……………………………….

25

Short-run equilibrium for monopoly………………………………………………………...

25

Short-run marginal cost……………………………………………………………………...

26

Short-run supply curve………………………………………………………………………

25

Short-run total costs…………………………………………………………………………

20

Shut-down point…………………………………………………………………………….

44

Signal………………………………………………………………………………………..

41

Slope…………………………………………………………………………………………

31

Strategy………………………………………………………………………………………

42

Substitute goods…………………………………………………………………………….

10

Substitution effect…………………………………………………………………………..

20

Sunk costs…………………. ……………………………………………………………….

8

Supply of labor……………………………………………………………………………...

36

Supply of land………………………………………………………………………………

36

Supply………………………………………………………………………………………..

36

Surplus……………………………………………………………………………………….

31

Synthesis……………………………………………………………………………………..

41

Technical effeciency………………………………………………………………………..

9

Technology…………………………………………………………………………………..

44

Theory of games…………………………………………………………………………….

43

Third degree price discrimination…………………………………………………………..

46

Total costs………………………………………………………………………………….

20

Total product of a variable input/capital……………………………………………………

20

Total product of a variable input/labor……………………………………………………...

20

Total profit………………………………………………………………………………….

42

Total revenue……………………………………………………………………………….

42

Total utility………………………………………………………………………………….

20

Transaction costs……………………………………………………………………………

44

Two person game…………………………………………………………………………...

13

Unitary price elasticity of demand………………………………………………………….

33

Utility………………………………………………………………………………………..

25

Variable costs……………………………………………………………………………….

21

Vertical merger……………………………………………………………………………...

10

Wage…………………………………………………………………………………………

42

Х-inefficiency ………………………………………………………………………………

45

Zero-sum game………………………………………………………………………………

14