Komputeris 6 doniani arqiteqtura
zogadad dReisTvis miRebulia komputeris 6 doniani arqiteqtura ix nax 0-3 , romlebic ganixileba qveviT
nax 0-3
miRebulia, rom manqanur enaze dawerili programebi ( 1 done ) SeiZleba interpretatorebis gareSe Sesruldes komputeris eleqtronuli sqemebით “ 0 “ doneze. es sqemebi maxsovrobasTan da Semtan-gamomtan mowyobilobebTan erTad qmnian komputeris aparaturul uzrunvelyofas, romelic Sedgeba urTierT damokidebul obieqtebebisagan : integraluri sqemebisagan, nabeWdi firfitebisagan, gamtarebebisagan, kvebis wyaroebisagan, maxsovrobis kvanZebisgan da gare mowyobilobebisgan.iseTi cnebebi, rogorebicaa algoriTmi,da brZanebebi am doneze ar ganixileba.
progaramuli uzrunvelyofa Sedgeba algoriTmebisagan da programebisagan (algoriTmebis komputeruli warmodgenis saxe ).
sawyis etapze aparaturuli da programuli uzrunvelyofis gansxvavebebi TvalsaCino iyo. droTa ganmavlobaSi es gansxvavebebis zRvrebi TandaTan iSleboda. nebismieri operacia, romelic sruldeba programulad SeiZleba Sesruldes aparaturulad. mecnier Kkaren palent lencis (Karen Panneta Lentz ) mier xatovnad iTqva, rom “aparaturuli uzrunvelyofa mxolod da mxolod gaqvavebuli programuli uzrunvelyofa ariso”. fasi,saimedoba ,swrafmoqmedeba,cvlilebebis moxdenis albaToba es is faqtorebia, romlebic moqmedeben damproeqtqblis arCevanze Tu ra gziT gadawyvitos amocana( aparaturuli Tu programuli). mxolod 1951 wels kembrijis universitetis mkvlevarma moris uilkisma (Maurice Wilkes ) wamoayene idea,rom SesaZlebeli iyo Seqmniliyo 3 doniani komputeri. es damatebiTi done mas warmodgenili qonda ,rogorc ucvleli interpretatori (mikroprograma). am donis Semotanam mniSvnelovnad gaamartiva aparaturuli done, radgan mikroprogramebi realizebuli iyo gacilebiT naklebi raodenobis brZanebebiT.Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,rom maSin eleqtruli sqemebi realizebuli iyo eleqtrul naTurebze – komputeris parametrebis gaumjobeseba TvalsaCino iyo. 70 wlebis CaTvliT es ideologia dominirebda. miuxedavad upiratesobisa sam doniani komputerisa or donianze,programisტებისთვის jojoxeTuri Sroma iyo aseT komputerze propgramebis gawyoba.
am sirTuleebis Tavidan asacileblad ,kerZod operatorebis muSaobis reJimis gasaioleblad Seqmnili iqna e.w. programa “operaciuli sistema”,romelic itvirTeboda komputerSi misi muSaobis mTeli xnis ganmavlobaSi. aq operaciuli sistema TviT kiTxulobda samuSao programas ,arkvevda sistemur resursebs,Semdeg TviTon kiTxulobდa perfokartebs brZanebiT kompilatoris CasatvirTad.amis Semdeg kompilatori kiTxulobda da kompilirebas ukeTebda raTac enaze daweril programas. kompilatoris muSaobis damTavrebis Semdeg , operaciuli sistema kiTxulobda monacemebs da asrulebda programas. SemdgomSi xdeboda operaciuli sistemis garTuleba axal axali brZanebebis damatebis gziT,ramac gamoiwvia axali donis brZanebaTa nakrebis arqiteqturis donis Camoyalibeba. am donis axal brZanebebs ewodeboda operaciuli sistemis makrosebi (anda “supervizoris gamoZaxebebs” ). TanamedroveobaSi ixmareba “sistemuri gamoZaxebebi” .reJims, roca operaciuli sistema kiTxulobda perfokartebis dastas da Sedegs beWdavda printerze ewodeboda “paketuri reJimi” . 60 ian wlebSi masaCutestis universitetis mecnierebma Seqmnes operaciuli sistema, romelic saSualebas aZlevda ramodenime momxmarebels erTdroulad emuSava erT komputerზe.aseT sistemas ewoda droiT dayofis reJimSi momuSave sistema. zogadad mikroprogramebis donis ganviTarebam gamoiwvia bevri dadebiTi momentი.kerZod SesaZlebeli gaxda manqanuri brZanebebis raodenobis gazrda,ramc TavisTavad xeli Seuwyo komputeris parametrebis gaumjobesebas. es tendecia grZeldeboda 70 –iani wlebis bolomde.bolos da bolos mikroprogramebis raodenobam miaRwia Tavis piks, ramac gamoiwvia mudmivi maxsovrobis elementTa raodenobis zrda,ramac Tavis Tavad Seamcira komputeris swrafmoqmedeba.warmoiqmna is situacia,rom mikroprogramebi amcirebdnen swrafmoqmedebas da konputerebis arqiteqtura daubrunda im etaps, roca arsebobda ori done.
Cveulebrivi progamisti ar muSaobs qveda 1,2,3 donesTan.aq saqme gvaqvs “sistemur programistebTan”, romlebic adgenen transliatorebs da interpretatorebs romlebic mxars uWeren zeda doneebs. miRebulia, rom 2,3 donebisTvis , Cveulebrivad, xdeba interpretireba xolo me-4 , 5 da maRali doneebisTvis xdeba translireba. gansxvavebaa imaSic, rom 1,2,3 donebze manqanuri enebi cifrulia,xolo maRla gansakuTrebulia. am doneebze saqme gvaqvs “gamoyebiT amocanaTa programisTebTan” .
me 4 doneze saqme gvaqvs SedarebiT dabali donis enebis simbolur formasTan. am doneze dawerili programebis aRTqma adamianis mier SesaZlebelia.am donis programebis translireba 1,2,3 doneebisTvis xdeba specialuri programiT , romelsac “asembleri” ewodeba.
me-5 doneze saqme gvaqvs e.w. maRali donis enebTan (c++,c#,Java,Prolog,LISP) , romlebzec muSaoben “gamoyenebiTi programistebi” . am doneze Seqmnili programebi e.w. “kompilatorebis” saSualebiT translirdeba me-3,4 doneebisTvis. zogjer me-5 doneze xdeba interpretirebac konkretuli gamoyenebiTi arealisTvis,magaliTad simboluri logikisTvis.
Tavi I